The Acquisition And Integration Of Zanussi Free Essays

The acquisition of different companies always indicates a change for both the acquiring and the acquired organisation and the people within. To successfully combine and integrate Elektrolux and Zanussi it is essential to consider both organisations ´ formal and informal structures which are heavily influenced by their culture. Culture develops on the one hand nationwide but also specifically in an organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Acquisition And Integration Of Zanussi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Building up trust is important to develop a working informal network, which supports the formal structure. Thus positive influence is taken on the selected behaviour of people within what Breton and Wintrobe call â€Å"bureaucracies†. This behaviour is characteristically competitive, especially in such times of major change. This change should be managed step-by-step and is described by Quinn as logical incrementalism. It builds â€Å"the seeds of understanding, identity, and commitment into the very processes† (Quinn, p145) and is the underlying strategy which makes integration successful. After Elektrolux announced the acquisition of Zanussi, both organisations and people within were confronted with many changes which created tensions or misfits that called for new visions.(Normann in Quinn, p99) As a first step, mission values and guiding principles of Zanussi were made public to the employees in the Mission Statement.(Exhibit 3 in Case Study, p914) From the bottom-up they should understand step-by-step in a learning process (Normann in Quinn, p99) what behaviour was generally expected and correct. Bennis and others (in Quinn, p101) also agree that â€Å"programs to achieve significant change must be phased and largely undertaken bottom up, but the legitimacy of alternatives must be affirmed by the support of key people at the top.† Besides the new Mission Statement, education and training programmes were undertaken to diffuse the new philosophy and policy. Thus the rules for building up an effective network are made visible. This network supports the formal structure. Breton and Wintrobe also assume that â€Å"relationships between superiors and subordinates in bureaus are generally governed by exchange and trade and not by the giving of orders and directives.† Exchange can only take place, if property rights are existing and are supported by â€Å"trust† (Breton and Wintrobe, p4) Trust is essential for the functioning of networks and has to be built up incrementally. One effective way of building up trust is by making â€Å"symbolic moves† (q,111). In addition to this, the â€Å"most important changes are often those which signal a change in attitude at the top of an organisation.† (Riccardo and Cafiero in Quinn, p112). Elektrolux made extensive use of these symbolic moves. One was that Elektrolux took over several prior commitments of Zanussi, although they were considered as disadvantageous for the joint strategy (Case, p900). Right after signing the final agreement, the complete Zanussi top-management was released. Replacing only one senior manager below the top-management, Elektrolux ´s purpose was to give a clear signal of the need to change working practices. To communicate these changes, Mr. Rossignolo was seen as the perfect change agent, because he is Italian and knows the Swedish organisation culture. But he also had to build up trust with the Italians, who considered him closer to Sweden than Italy. In respond to this attitude, an external consultant was brought in. As Mr. Estes says, â€Å"you don ´t try to ram your conclusions down people†s throats. You try to persuade people what has to be done and provide confidence and leadership for them.†(Quinn, p136) By this Mr. Rossignolo set a sign that he does not want to take one party†s side, but that he is neutral and therefore he increased the Italian ´s trust in his person. According to the mission statement, Elektrolux central value is â€Å"transparency†, or openness. To integrate this in Zanussi ´s culture was one of the major tasks the Swedish had to achieve. Conflicts were part of the Italian†s daily life. Seniority and loyalty to individuals were seen as more important than competence or commitment to the company. They were also not convinced of need for change and thought financial problems were due to former owners mistakes. The Italians feared loosing their power not only to another company, but even worse to one from a foreign culture. In response to this attitude, Hans Werthen set a sign to the Italians when he said:† We are not buying companies in order to close them down, but to turn them into profitable ventures†¦ and we are not Vikings, who were Norwegians, anyway.† (Case, p901) Impressively, he demonstrated that openness is a practical part of the new culture. With the same openness, Elektrolux gained the trust of the important Unions, who have a high influence in the Italian organisation culture. Without the approval of the Unions, it would have been difficult to take over Zanussi. Openness is a general Elektrolux attitude, but as Quinn describes, there are â€Å"sound political or informational reasons for not announcing a strategy in its full pristine glory at this early stage.† Although not very glorious for the workers, it can be assumed that Elektrolux knew very well that they would have to make redundancies, because no acquisition can be made without. But as â€Å"effective change managers [they] recognise[d] the impact their incremental decisions and action patterns have on credibility [†¦] and tried to keep in mind the symbolic implications each individual act had.† (Quinn, p118) Elektrolux solved the central problem of redundancies incrementally. Their plan was to gain the trust of the Unions by promising not to make any redundancies to successfully acquire Zanussi without opposition of the Unions. Having one foot in the door, they could start making redundancies step-by-step. They took into account that their credibility would suffer negatively proportional to announced redundancies. Although this strategy was accompanied by some strikes and heavy re-negotiations, they still had reached their goal, which was to acquire Zanussi. Although the problems with the Unions had negative impact on Elektrolux reputation, generally it can be said that they effectively communicated their openness and in turn gained trust by the unions and the Italians. Therefore, building up trust is essential when integrating the two companies. Breton and Wintrobe suggest that â€Å"selective behaviour† (p6) is next to trust a second issue in organisational bureaucracy. The subordinates chose from a range of behaviour which reaches from always inefficient to always efficient. Therefore, selective behaviour is the outcome of a trading process, where the outcome is determined by the price offered by superiors for efficient informal services. As example for this serve the front-line managers and professional employees of Zanussi, which fully approved the change in the organisation and demanded a higher degree of involvement. They were rewarded with a special training programme. Building teams and task forces, positively influenced the selected behaviour of the people within the new organisation in several ways and helped to integrate both cultures. As one CEO (in Quinn, p139) said: â€Å"If good people share the same values, they will instinctively act together. We must know how people will respond intuitively when they are thousands of miles away. [†¦] If we [†¦] communicate openly, our actions will be sensible and cohesive.† As Leif Johannsson describes, they â€Å"were able to adopt a completely new way of thinking [†¦] which emerged from the discussions and recommendations of the task forces [†¦]† (Case, p908) The Italians welcomed the â€Å"exchanges, and have learnt a lot from them.† (Case, p911) And as the change agent Rossignolo said: â€Å"We adopted the Swedish work ethic.† (Case, p 907). â€Å"The selection of key people was clearly the most important single ingredient[†¦]† (Quinn, p138) and furthermore, â€Å"the power interactions among key players is important. Each player has a different level of formal authority, referent power, information control and personal credibility.† Quinn describes the process of â€Å"partial consensus† (Q132) which is achieved first within groups and then introduced into organisation. Therefore and according to the Swedish style, the top management of Zanussi was replaced and put together into teams with the Swedish top managers. It was important to build first at this level a mutual understanding, later also on other levels. With the formal meetings, the managers from both cultures were forced to communicate systematically. Later they brought lower level executives into strategic processes on a more comprehensive basis.† (Quinn, p140) This was in response to the increasing demand of the line people to get involved, and also to make them â€Å"know how we are planning to get where we are going.† (General Motors executive in Quinn, p140). Looking more specific at the strategy in selecting the key personnel and the distribution of power in the organisation leads to what Breton and Wintrobe call the â€Å"bureaucratic competition† (p8). They describe competition within and between bureaus and also for network ties as characteristically for organisations. As example for the notion of competition serves the problem which arouse with the middle management. According to the Swedish acquisition style, the top management is replaced, but the middle management kept. Zanussi ´s acquisition strategy is exactly the opposite. Being accustomed to an authoritarian style, the Italians had to adopt Elektrolux ´ democratic and decentralised decision making policy. The lower management appreciated the new possibilities of promotion and therefore demanded higher involvement. They are like the top-management at the end of the organisational hierarchy and can only gain influence. The top-management, naturally to their competition for control, appreciated that they had not â€Å"a single Swedish manager imposed on top.† Whereas the middle management feared the loss of control over their subordinates and property rights. To trigger the competition in the middle management, Elektrolux established direct communication between the top managers and the front-line managers, by-passing the middle management when necessary. Plus, they launched the special training programmes for them. Again, they wanted to set a signal and to stimulate the middle managers ´ competition for membership in networks. At the end of the Case Study (p 911), a senior manager of Zanussi was concerned, that the middle management may be more bureaucratic and less open† and that they â€Å"must develop bridges at the middle and [he frankly does] not know how easy or difficult that may be.† The middle managers felt threatened by the change and the by-passing enforced this feeling. It is difficult to build up trust in such a position. Therefore to â€Å"avoid undercutting intermediate managers, such bypassing must [†¦] be limited to information gathering, with no implication that orders or approvals are given directly to lower levels. [†¦] Line managers are less tempted to screen information when they know bypass channels are operating.† (Q, p106) As described in the case and mentioned before, â€Å"lower levels are also stimulated by the possibility that they may be able to â€Å"talk to the very top†Ã¢â‚¬  (Q, p106), which can be seen as positive integration effect of the by-passing strategy. As second example, the longstanding competition between Elektolux and Zanussi in the sales and marketing division conjured several integration problems in the common organisation. Both sides were unsatisfied with the new strategy in this sector which attacked the power position of the managers. It can be argued that the change of power structure was to quickly and normally â€Å"major strategic changes tended to take many years to accomplish.†. (Q, p133) Psychological commitment of and control over the sales and management departments were not advanced enough to integrate the strategy. â€Å"There [are] too many unknowables in the total environment for managers to program or control† (Quinn, p121) To respond to such unforeseen issues, which can arise internally or externally, the firm has to remain flexible. (according to Quinn, p122). Elektrolux responded to the question of flexibility with a small corportate headquarter, decentralised subsidiaries, few hierarchy levels and task forces. As there is no â€Å"standard method for treating acquisitions† (Case, p896) it allows Elektrolux to respond to the individual circumstances in Zanussi very effectively. As conclusion can be said, that the successful integration of the Swedish and Italian cultures has to be undertaken incrementally. Trust and openess are the key for gaining a mutual understanding and commitment to the joint company. With team working, symbolic actions and extensive communication it is possible to integrate not only the organisations but also the individuals. All this helps to build up a network, which supports the formal structure. Mr. Rossignolo ´s statement that the Italians † adopted the Swedish work ethic† (Case, p907) is similar to Leif Johansson ´s, who said that the Swedish â€Å"adopted a completely new way of thinking.† (Case, p908) and shows that the merger of Elektrolux and Zanussi was in respect of culture and exchange successfully. How to cite The Acquisition And Integration Of Zanussi, Essay examples

Of custom and education Essay Example For Students

Of custom and education Essay Mens thoughts, are much according to their inclination; their discourse and speeches, according to their learning and infused opinions; but their deeds, are after as they have been accustomed. And therefore, as Machiavel well noteth though in an evil-favored instance, there is no trusting to the force of nature, nor to the bravery of words, except it be corroborate by custom. His instance is, that for the achieving of a desperate conspiracy, a man should not rest upon the fierceness of any mans nature, or his resolute undertakings; but take such an one, as hath had his hands formerly in blood. But Machiavel knew not of a Friar Clement, nor a Ravillac, nor a Jaureguy, nor a Baltazar Gerard; yet his rule holdeth still, that nature, nor the engagement of words, are not so forcible, as custom. Only superstition is now so well advanced, that men of the first blood, are as firm as butchers by occupation; and votary resolution, is made equipollent to custom, even in matter of blood. In other things, the predominancy of custom is everywhere visible; insomuch as a man would wonder, to hear men profess, protest, engage, give great words, and then do, just as they have done before; as if they were dead images, and engines moved only by the wheels of custom. We see also the reign or tyranny of custom, what it is. The Indians I mean the sect of their wise men lay themselves quietly upon a stock of wood, and so sacrifice themselves by fire. Nay, the wives strive to be burned, with the corpses of their husbands. The lads of Sparta, of ancient time, were wont to be scourged upon the altar of Diana, without so much as queching. I remember, in the beginning of Queen Elizabeths time of England, an Irish rebel condemned, put up a petition to the deputy, that he might be hanged in a withe, and not in an halter; because it had been so used, with former rebels. There be monks in Russia, for penance, that will sit a whole night in a vessel of water, till they be engaged with hard ice. Many examples may be put of the force of custom, both upon mind and body. Therefore, since custom is the principal magistrate of mans life, let men by all means endeavor, to obtain good customs. Certainly custom is most perfect, when it beginneth in young years: this we call education; which is, in effect, but an early custom. So we see, in languages, the tongue is more pliant to all expressions and sounds, the joints are more supple, to all feats of activity and motions, in youth than afterwards. For it is true, that late learners cannot so well take the ply; except it be in some minds that have not suffered themselves to fix, but have kept themselves open, and prepared to receive continual amendment, which is exceeding rare. But if the force of custom simple and separate, be great, the force of custom copulate and conjoined and collegiate, is far greater. For there example teacheth, company comforteth, emulation quickeneth, glory raiseth: so as in such places the force of custom is in his exaltation. Certainly the great multiplication of virtues upon human nature, resteth uponsocieties well ordained and disciplined. For commonwealths, and good governments, do nourish virtue grown, but do not much mend the deeds. But the misery is, that the most effectual means, are now applied to the ends, least to be desired.

Simplifying Expressions free essay sample

Include in this paper I have demonstrated the following solutions for the three problems listed below. Using th given vocabulary words I have broken down each problem using the proper steps in solving the algebraic expressions. Also shown will be what is important about real numbers and in what way they are useful in using real numbers in solving algebraic expressions. By breaking down the equation you can simplify the equation down to lowest terms. Gathering the like terms in the equation is a step in breaking down the expression correctly. Take the coefficient and multiply it by the variable. The distributive property in the expression is the letters in the expression. When solving a algebraic expression you always remove the parenthesis first. A. )2a(-5 + a) + 4(a + -5) Simplify the terms (-5 * 2a + a * 2a) + 4(a + -5) (-10a + 2a2) + 4(a + -5) -10a + 2a2 + 4(-5 + a)Reorder the terms -10a + 2a2 + (-5 * 4 + a * 4) -10a + 2a2 + (-20 + 4a) -10a + 4a = -6a -20 + -6a + 2a2 Combine the like terms : -20 + -6a + 2a2 a = 5This is the simplified answer  a = {-2, 5} B. We will write a custom essay sample on Simplifying Expressions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) 2w – 3 + 3(w – 4) – 5(w – 6)The given expression -3 + -12 + 30 + 2w + 3w + -5w The distributive property removes the parentheses. -15 + 30 + 2w + 3w + -5w Combine the like terms 15 + 2w + 3w + -5w = 0Combine the like terms 2w + 3w = 5wCombine like terms again 15 + 5w + -5w 5w + -5w 15 + 0 15 = 0The final answer C. ) 0. 05(0. 3m + 35n) + -0. 8(-0. 09n + -22m) (0. 3m * 0. 05 + 35n * 0. 05) + -0. 8(-0. 09n + -22m) (0. 015m + 1. 75n) + -0. 8(-0. 09n + -22m) 0. 015m + 1. 75n + -0. 8(-22m + -0.09n) Reorder the terms 0. 015m + 1. 75n + (-22m * -0. 8 + -0. 09n * -0. 8) 0. 015m + 1. 75n + (17. 6m + 0. 072n) 0. 015m + 17. 60. 1034345728n m + 1. 75n + 0. 072n The distributive property removes the parentheses 0. 015m + 17. 6m = 17. 615mCombine the like terms 17. 615m + 1. 75n + 0. 072n 1. 75n + 0. 072n = 1. 822nCombine the like terms 17. 615m + 1. 822n 17. 615m + 1. 822n Solving Move all terms containing m to the left, all other terms to the right. Add -1. 822n to each side of the equation. 17.615m + 1. 822n + -1. 822n = 0 + -1. 822n Combine like terms: 1. 822n + -1. 822n = 0. 000 17. 615m + 0. 000 = 0 + -1. 822n 17. 615m = 0 + -1. 822n Remove the zero: 17. 615m = -1. 822n Divide each side by 17. 615. m = -0. 1034345728n Simplifying m = -0. 1034345728n How are the real numbers useful in solving algebraic expressions? The real number line is a graph that is used to represent the set of real numbers. Using real numbers is useful by charting them on the graph helps to solve the algebraic expression.

Young hindu boys Essay Example

Young hindu boys Essay Should children be brought up with a religious upbringing? Do you agree? Show that you have considered more than one point of view and refer to another religion in your answer. Many people around the world think that they should bring their children up religiously. There are quite a few reasons for this, mainly because of tradition. The few main reasons have been outlined below; Firstly, if the children are brought up religiously, they will be baptized, and once done so, to keep the baptism promises, parents will enforce and pass down teachings and bible quotations to their children which then are led to believe in god.This is similar to Hinduisms teachings, where the child goes through a special ceremony at birth to welcome god into their lives, thanking them and spending their lives in his debt. Christians have a similar confirmation ceremony which is rather like the thread ceremony for young hindu boys. From an early age, young Christians may go to Sunday school run by the church, where they would learn stories and prayers, and then assume that god exists because the people around the child believe that he does. In Hinduism, it is quite common for younger children to attend Sunday school hosted by the mandir. They are brought up to believe in god so that they may go to heaven after death.Most of the time, children are automatically accepted into their parents religion(s) because when they hear their parents talking about god or praying, they tend to follow in their parents footsteps which then lead them to believe and assume that god exists. We will write a custom essay sample on Young hindu boys specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Young hindu boys specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Young hindu boys specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As children get older, they are able to attend church which further helps them believe in god. Special festivals such as Christmas are usually celebrated without knowing their background and story, but if children attend church they naturally end up assuming that there are religious reasons behind every festival which end up positively enforcing their beliefs about god. They may also learn these facts through school, their peers and RE lessons. In Hinduism, children are taught about their festivals and nearly every festival has a religious meaning or story behind it, which eventually alters childrens thoughts as they grow older to accompany new religious ideas and beliefs.Finally, daily prayers and offerings are done by both hindu and Christian children which further enforces their beliefs about god. Children that are brought up with a religious upbringing usually believe in heaven, and their parents also believe that after death the body will rest eternally in heaven (or hell, in some cases). I disagree with the question and believe that children should not be brought up with a religious upbringing because they should have their own right to choose how they act and what they believe in.For example, Hindu children are not allowed to eat beef, and may bear a grudge against their parents for forcing them into Hinduism, or any other religion as such. This could lead to major conflicts which could break tradition, but wouldnt have occurred if the child could choose what they wished to be. Without religion, major conflicts which spark wars and other things such as bad behaviour can be prevented.Even if children are brought up in a certain religion they should be able to choose as they get older and have more experience about other religions. Sometimes children are brought up by agnostics, which can help reinforce the childs beliefs. In conclusion, I think that children have a right to believe what they want in life, and steer their lives in the right direction, for who knows whether the path they choose to live may be the right one for them, if not for others, therefore I disagree with the question stated above.

The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee Essay Example

The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee Essay Example The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee Paper The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee Paper The paper will discuss the main aspect of a Comanche and what their culture is like. The paper encapsulates an interview from such a Native American and this interview will be analyzed with the help of other sources from the Internet. The paper will be followed by first introducing the Comanche tribe with their features and then go about analyzing the interview. The culture of the Comanche will be discussed in the light of how they treat their elders, children and their relatives. The culture also includes some of their important aspects of religion along with the language that they use. The paper will attempt to cover the overall aspect of the Comanche and their effect in the society. Introduction to a Comanche â€Å"The Comanche are a Native American group whose historical range (the Comancheria) consisted of present-day Eastern New Mexico, Southern Colorado, Southern Kansas, all of Oklahoma, and most of Northern and Southern Texas. There might once have been as many as 20,000 Comanches. Today, the Comanche Nation consists of approximately 10,000 members, about half of whom live in Oklahoma (centered at Lawton), with the remainder concentrated in Texas, California, and New Mexico. † (Wikipedia, 2006 ) From the above definition it can be understood that the Comanches are very old inhabitants of the United States of America and have long lived there. There are a number of reasons why the Comanches had left their older origin which is near Wyoming. The tribe had shifted to Arkansas where they are now inhabited. The reason why the Comanche is given a name like that is because it is believed that they like to fight and act as strangers to the other people. The origin of Comanche comes from a Spanish word and this is why it is used. They have always been a separate group and have not mingled much with the other tribes and other citizens of the country. Interview of a Comanche The name of the interviewee was Andrea Pahdocony who belongs to a tribe called Comanche of Oklahoma Lord of the Plains). The following questions and answers provide a summary of what their culture is like and how they live their lives. The questions and answers will then be analyzed along with other material to understand what their culture and beliefs are along with their values. Question # 1 Does your culture have several meanings for one word when spoken? For example, the English language uses the word tow to represent something pulling something else or it can be used to refer to a persons toe. Can you think of some examples? Changes in the language began in the late 1800s when children were taken from their homes and placed in boarding schools. They were discouraged from speaking their native tongue, and disciplined harshly for doing so. This treatment was not unique to Comanche people, but with native people throughout the newly discovered America. Government policy dictated the civilization of the First Americans, in part, by denying them their language. The children were taught the language of their parents and grandparents was bad. With this indoctrination, the language was not spoken in the home. English became the language of preference. By the mid 1900s, elders who could speak the language fluently were dying at an alarming rate and children were not being taught the language in order to maintain speakers within the tribe. In 2006, there are 13,000 enrolled Comanches, yet there are fewer than 1% who speak the language fluently. Analysis of the Interview The interview explains that the Native American has a clear set of values and beliefs that he follows that have come down from his ancestors. There are a number of times when the values are not followed but the traditions are kept intact. The tribe believes in teaching the children the traditions of the ancestors to keep the tribe alive. The tribe has been unsocial fro several years and even decades with the other Native Americans and citizens because they would have a different dialect and would be unable to communicate with anyone. The tribal members would just continue to use the same to communicate with one another. The children have now learned to sue the English language but there is a need to also learn their language because of the communication gap that may appear between two generations if this not done. The tribe emphasizes on respect to elders but it is not necessary that the children talk without meeting with the eye. Eye contact is considered as a tradition. The Comanche tribe is a famous and a very social group within itself that keeps up the traditions and the values of the ancestors very strongly. Bibliography Wikipedia. 2006. Comanche. Retrieved on December 18, 2006 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comanche.

Neurology Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Neurology 1 - Assignment Example Consequently, the process moves to degenerating brain that further leads to demise of mental functions. This leads to dementia. Various diseases lead to dementia. However, Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of the conditions leading to dementia. The most apparent conditions of dementia are confusion and memory loss. Failure of memory is found to be quite rare (Mesulam, 2007, p.11). Very similar to Alzheimer’s, dementia affects that part of the brain which is responsible for the maximum and most complicated as well as multiple number of functions, the frontal lobe. This part is located right above the eye, and the parts of the brain leading to it, which include the cortical and subcortical parts, are also affected. This part of the brain is developed later on in a child’s life, thus it determines the personality and learning skills of an individual human being. This part of the brain also helps a person in understanding the fear related to doing something or the awkwardness as well. Dementia brings damage to it to such an extent, that the patient feels trouble in many basic chores of our daily life, which include tying laces, talking appropriately or even touching someone without a reason. However, as the frontal lobes have multiple functions, damage to any different area will result in lack of numerous kinds of skills which are not restricted. Thus, the effects of dementia always or commonly vary per person. Therefore, the symptoms for this disease are not specified nor have any bound. Many causes result as the existence of dementia. Most of the causes are difficult to tell. Various medical conditions can cause symptoms of dementia. Nutritional deficiencies, intake of harmful drugs, head injuries, strokes, infections and various diseases are few causes of dementia. All the types of dementia reflect dysfunction that affects the brain

Motivation Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivation Plan - Essay Example Each of the employee were asked to fill the two forms i.e. Employee Passion Survey and Team Alignment Survey. Both of the forms allowed the team responsible for motivating employees, the factors they are important for motivating them and they are shown in the table. Some research was done to identify the most effective strategies for motivating the employees and the most effective and easily implemented motivational strategies for different kinds of employees are deduced from the researches of Shanks (2011) and Ukandu and Ukpere (2011). The details of the motivational strategy for each employee alongwith the Action plan are detailed in the table. Team Member Name Summary of Individual Characteristics Motivational Strategy and Action Plan Relevant Theory Employee X Self-motivated and satisfied with the job Understands and handles all the responsibilities very well Demonstrates potential of handling critical tasks Well-organized and enjoys his work Performance can be improved when more critical tasks are assigned Since the employee is self-motivated, the supervisor will have to develop the leadership skills in him. The supervisor will have to arrange a meeting with him, discuss his positive qualities and then recommend him areas of improvement. The employee must be given feedback about his performance so that he knows how he is performing in the organization. Once the employee will see that he can handle additional responsibilities and that supervisor trusts him, then he must rewarded for his additional contribution. The team will have to ensure that the employees are rewarded for improved performance and also for performing critical tasks efficiently. The supervisor must give feedback to his employee after reviewing his performance after completion of the project. When the employee will feel that his work is being appreciated, he will be willing to make more valuable contribution and will be more satisfied with his job. Two theories can be applied for Employee X : 1. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory 2. Mc Gregor’s Theory X and Y Employee Y Proper instructions alongwith guidelines need to be given Multiple tasks are difficult to manage Communication is difficult for the employee as he gets easily distracted Lack of self-confidence leads to inability of multiple tasking Gets emotional quickly and does not think logically The manager of employee Y will have to first work with his employee to understand why he is lacking confidence. The survey revealed that he found himself to be less competent. Hence, the manager will have to act as a role model for him and will develop his confidence in him. The emotional element of the employee needs to be controlled and it will be done solely by sending him on the workshop in which he should be trained about controlling his emotions and not letting it impact on his work. Once the employee is able to control his emotions and not get distracted while performing his tasks, then he will be able to han dle multiple tasks without stress and he will start feeling motivated and satisfied with his job. Hence, the manager will have to prepare him to handle tougher tasks and control his emotions to a greater extent. The manager should review the performance during and at the end of the project and acknowledge when he performs well. The appreciation should also be shown in the form of some reward that is of value to him. Theory that can be implemented for Employee Y is McClelland’