My Life As A Christian Essay - 1782 Words

In my personal life as a Christian it has not been easy at all in my forty-three years on the planet earth, I had struggle with issues dealing with a mental illness of bipolar disorder, which had and some days even today, though struggle can be seen and does has some affected both my mental state of mind but also parts of my life as well. But with dealing with the symptoms, throughout my life I had face the demon in the room so to say many times, and faced him down with the help of Christ. There were someday were I just wanted to give up like my younger brother Luke did in 2013 when he left behind four young sons when he committed suicide, and there has been days were I felt I should just end it all so the pain inside would stop. But I could never do that, and I could never get into the drugs or alcohol like he did growing up. Even though I had gotten into other things that had gotten into relationships or dabbled into things that I should of never gotten into, and even I tried to w alk away from my faith in Christ because I had felt looked down upon or judged for no reason, or saw the hypocrisy in those local fellowships that I was attending. And I also felt abandon when I needed my fellow Christian brothers and sisters there to be next to me to help get through the dark times in my life. In my past, before two years ago, I had difficult times taking care of myself even though I read many books on spiritual disciplines both within the Christian tradition as well asShow MoreRelatedMy Life Of A Christian Home849 Words   |  4 PagesGrowing up in a Christian home, I attended church regularly with grandmother not always of my own free will, but it behooved me to go willingly, my grandmother â€Å"strong arm’ was my uncle frank who believe whole heartily spare the rod spoil the child and beat him and he will not die. (Tough love) So it was in my best interest to put on a happy face. I would travel with Uncle Frank to revivals all across the state, I would feel the spirit of God tugging on my heart and not truly knowing what it wasRead MoreEssay on My Christian Life1838 Words   |  8 Pages My Christian Life has been â€Å"pleasurable pain† (I will explain what that refers to in detail later). I was born on June 9, 1984. I was blessed to be in a family of Christian. Therefore, I was destined to become a true follower of Christ. I was baptized on August 12 of that year at St. Rose De Lima. Most people say that from the moment I was blessed, I became a disciple of Jesus, a light bearer, but I believe I was a disciple for my Lord and Savior the moment I was born. I was conceived into a ChristianRead MoreMy Life Of A Christian Home1432 Words   |  6 PagesBeing the small person I am in such a big world, it makes it difficult for me to understand why I am here and what I am supposed to do. Growing up in a Christian home, I was taught to follow the rules, h ave good morals, and to be a follower of God. However, I never know if what I am doing is the right thing. I have donated most of my free time to my church, but instead of being involved in the action, I am usually in the back, pondering about what is so good about attending. I finally realized, maybeRead MoreThe Most Formative Experience Of My Christian Life1828 Words   |  8 Pages Carmanie Bhatti’s Written Response to 310.2 a-d For The Board of Ordained Ministry, Northern Illinois Conference of the UMC    i.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Most Formative Experience of My Christian Life: I grew up in Pakistan with a diverse culture around me. Before moving to the U.S., the city I grew up in was a blend of people who lived there because of their jobs, education and business purposes. I learned that poverty, marginalization and violence, neither had a religion nor selects people of a specificRead More Personal Narrative- My Life as a Student, Athlete and Christian815 Words   |  4 PagesNarrative- My Life as a Student, Athlete and Christian â€Å"I knew this was bliss, knew it at the time.† These words of Eudora Welty, although expressing her feeling from devouring book after book, can also be applied to my life. While not relating to my literacy, Welty’s lexis nonetheless conveys my own feelings after learning the significance of hard work. I’ve put excess effort in performing the roles of a student, an athlete, and a Christian. Success and growth in each component of my life has taughtRead MoreMy Life That Will Influence My Academic Work And Goals At Colorado Christian University Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience in my life that will influence my academic work and goals at Colorado Christian University. So many thoughts and memories surface I don’t know where to begin to make a long story short. I have survived so much I have no reason not to succeed her at Colorado Christian University. I lost my mother to breast cancer at the age of 14. My Father lived out of state at the time and returned to Colorado shortly after. My sister and I lived with my Aunt and Uncle after her passing. My sister was onlyRead MoreMy Understanding Of Family Life And The Meaning And Content Of Christian Faith955 Words   |  4 Pageslistened to the radio broadcasts provided by the conservative Christian organization, Focus on the Family–both the daily broadcast on family issues and the weekly broadcast of the radio drama for children, Adventures in Odyssey. My understanding of family life and the meaning and content of Christian faith was heavily influenced by these broadcasts. I listened carefully to the dangers of straying beyond the strict confines of conservative Christian morality, and I can still hear the emphatic tone of voiceRead MoreMy Life That Will Influence My Academic Work And Goals At Colorado Christian University ( Ccu )860 Words   |  4 PagesAn event within my life that will influence my academic work and goals at Colorado Christian University (CCU), will have to be the way that I acquired my current job. I am an ordained minister and have been doing my best, by the grace of God, to live the gospel lifestyle we are all called into. I mention this fact simply because at first glance or mention that I happen to work at a brewery; a lot of believers take issue and/or offence, and feel compelled to question my authenticity as a â€Å"man of theRead More John Bunyan’s Pilgrimes Progress Essay1128 Words   |  5 P agesfascinating story describes the life of Christian, a married man living in the City of Destruction, who longs to travel to the Celestial City. As Christian struggles to stay on the right, though more difficult path, I fight to focus in school and not pay attention to distracting ideas. I also fight to get strong enough in dance to become a professional dancer, just as Christian has to climb the Hill of Difficulty to get to the Palace Beautiful. In order for Christian to arrive at the Celestial CityRead MoreSummary and Reflection of Mark R McMinns Article Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling1607 Words   |  6 Pagesand Spirituality in Christian Counseling by Mark R. McMinn is a conscious effort to apply all the major elements of Christian faith to the work of counselors. McMinn has created a workable blueprint for Christian counselors by writing at length about Christian faith in and out of the counseling office, psychological health, prayer, scripture , sin, confession, forgiveness, and redemption. In doing so, McMinn has successfully blended modern counseling techniques with Christian life in such a way that

Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass An American Slave

The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass: An American Slave, is a save narrative written by Fredrick Douglass himself. The narrative comprises of eleven chapters that give an account of Douglass’ life as a slave, and his quest to get education and become free from the slavery institution. In this narrative, Douglass struggles to free himself from the mentally, physically, and emotional torture of slavery, and the slavery itself. Douglass was taken away from his parents at a tender age and sent to live in Baltimore with his masters, Sophia and Hugh Auld. It was through his stay with the Auld’s that he came to learn of the whites dominance and power over the black people/ slaves by making sure that they were uneducated. After his†¦show more content†¦The tribulations Douglass encountered were so real and make the reader identify with them, and strive to gain more knowledge to be able to defend him/herself from any injustices. Through his writing, he was abl e to influence many famous abolitionists. One of the main reasons why Douglass wrote this narrative was to offset the undignified and humiliating way, in which the white people viewed him, plus the other slaves. Douglass witnessed the brutalization of his fellow black people whose only mistake as he narrates was to be born of the wrong color, black. The whites treated the blacks with brutality and were against them being educated. Douglass desired to learn how to read and write, and his master did everything to stop him from gaining knowledge on how to read and write. Douglass writes, â€Å"Whilst I was saddened by the thought of losing the aid of my kind mistress, I was gladdened by the invaluable instruction which, by the merest accident, I had gained from my master.† This was after Mr. Auld orders his wife Sophia to stop offering Douglass reading lessons. This made him more determined to learn how to read and write because he knew it was a key to his freedom. Despite all this, Douglass was able to learn how to read and write and he decided to write about the white people’s evils and how they mistreated the black people. Douglass wrote this narrative to analyze the slavery issue and expose why the whites were against the blacks getting education.Show MoreRelatedThe Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pages1845 Fredrick Douglas wrote an autobiography called The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave. The book tells the story of his life as a slave, being the son of an enslaved woman and a white man and how he finally escaped slavery in 1837. Due to the book he became a leader for an abolitionist movement and spoke and wrote many different things about the evils of slavery. He was the most respected and famous African American in the nineteenth century. Fredrick Douglass usedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave1271 Words   |  6 Pages In the â€Å"Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself†, written in the month of August 1841, demonstrates the double purpose of the work as both a personal account and a public argument. Douglass introduces the reader to his own circumstances, such as grief, sorrow and emptiness in his birthplace and the fact that he does not know his own age. He then generalizes from his own experience, by explaining that almost no slaves know their true ages. He takes this detailRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave916 Words   |  4 Pages Narrative of The Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave In Fredrick Douglass’s a narrative, Narrative of The Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave, he narrates an account of his experiences in the dehumanizing institution of slavery. This American institution was strategically formatted to quench any resemblance of human dignity. Throughout, the narration of his life Fredrick Douglas, meticulously illustrates the methodical process that contributed to the perpetual state of slaveryRead MoreFrederick Douglass Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave2160 Words   |  9 PagesJonathan Stang Waddell AP Language 26 July 2014 Fredrick Douglass-Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave Preface, page 4 â€Å"As soon as he had taken his seat, filled with hope and admiration, I rose, and declared that Patrick Henry, of revolutionary fame, never made a speech more eloquent in the cause of liberty, than the one we had just listened to from the lips of that hunted fugitive.† Response In this passage, Garrison attempts to express the sheerRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave1434 Words   |  6 PagesAs the most famous abolitionist African American leader, Fredrick Douglass is a political, historical, and literary figure whose words still reverberate the true meaning of freedom and political, economic, and social equality for all. Born a slave, Douglass was able to recount his story to a pre-Civil War American public, which had a tremendous effect on the views whites had about slavery and its role in American society. Douglass became a self-educated man as he grew up within the entanglementsRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave1552 Words   |  7 Pages04/23/2015 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Theme: False versus True Christianity In this theme, Fredrick Douglass contrasts the both forms of Christianity to show the underlying hypocrisy in slavery. The results show that slavery is not religious as it exposes the evils in human bondage. These ideals however can be distorted so as to fit in the society. Two forms of Christianity are presented in â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass and eachRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave1093 Words   |  5 Pagesdifference.† -Frederick Douglass. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, by Frederick Douglass, shares the story of the struggles of an American slave during the eighteenth-century. Fredrick Douglass was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland in approximately 1818. While being raised by his grandmother, Betsey Bailey, he snuck around at night to meet his mother nearby, assuming that his slaveholder, Captain Anthony, was his father. From adolescence, Douglass knew he was different thanRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass967 Words   |  4 Pagesinhuman mistreatment of slaves in the United States many slaves like Fredrick Douglass had to escape to fight for freedom to become abolitionists. To expose the terror a nd cruelties that he faced from his owners and overseers as a slave as narrated in â€Å"Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass.† Being a slave was difficult from the beginning. In the case of Fredrick Douglass he was a product of unwanted love. Born into slavery with no record or â€Å"accurate knowledge of age.†(Douglass) He was the son ofRead MoreFrederick Douglass : A Fugitive Slave And A Free Man1192 Words   |  5 PagesFredrick Douglass (1818-1945), both a fugitive slave and a free man, was one of the most courageous and influential leaders of the abolitionist movement. His narrative, published in 1845, illustrates his childhood and early manhood experiences as a salve, as well as his escape to the North and find of freedom. Within his narrative entitled â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass,† Douglass argues that in order to achieve physical freedom, a slave must seek knowledge and an education. InRead MoreBiography of Fredrick Douglass1294 Words   |  5 PagesWhen you think of great Americans in our history there are countless that come to mind. Some immediately think of the many presidents we have had, others think of inventors, but what about the people that are in between – the people that fought for equality. Fredrick Douglass arguably had the greatest impact on American society, especially African American society, in the nineteenth century. Douglass is credited as being an abolitionist, author, editor, and diplomat. He used literature, books, newspapers

Munshi Premchand free essay sample

Biography Premchand was born on July 31, 1880 in the village Lamhi near Varanasi in a Kayastha family to Munshi Ajaib Lal, a postal clerk, and his wife Anandi. His parents named him Dhanpat Rai (master of wealth) while his uncle, Mahabir, a rich landowner, called him Nawab (Prince), the name Premchand first chose to write under. His early education was at a local madarsa under a maulvi, where he studied Urdu. Premchands parents died young his mother when he was seven and his father when he was sixteen or seventeen and still a student.His fathers death left Premchand with no other option but to absent himself from the intermediate examination he was going to give that year. Moreover Premchand was left responsible for his stepmother and step-siblings. The next year when he gave his intermediate examination, indeed he got successful scoring second division but he was unable to enter college. Coincidentally near Varanasi in Chunar there in a school he got employed as a teacher. From 1899 to 1921 Premchand worked as a school teacher when in Gorakhpur he gave resignation as a government employee on call of Mahatma Gandhi.Being in profession as a school teacher he completed his Bachelor of Arts degree. Premchand was married at fourteen years to a girl from a neighboring village, but the marriage was a failure, and when he left the village in 1899 the girl returned to her village. Several years later, in 1909, he married a young widow named Shivrani Devi. This step was considered to be revolutionary at that time, and Premchand had to face a lot of opposition. On February 8, 1921 Mahatma Gandhi in a seminar in Gorakhpur in which Premchand was also present asked people to resign from government jobs.Premchand, although physically unwell, with two kids at home, his wife pregnant took a vow and after five days of mental conflict decided to resign from his government job albeit with the agreement of his wife. To serve the cause of Independence Premchand tried writing for the columns of Urdu dailies of Gorakhpur Tehkik and Swadesh but his failure to do that led him to settle in Varanasi, again coincidentally four months after giving resignation from his government job Premchand arrived at Marwari Vidyalya, Kanpur but his conflicts with the school principal and manager led him to get back to Varanasi.In Varanasi he took the responsibility of editing the magazine Maryada, later he became principal of Kashi Vidyapith a school in Varanasi. On its closure he worked for his ambitious project of running a printing press. Though he ran it but it didnt gave him any financial profits. Finally he accepted the job offer of editing the journal Madhuri. He remained in Lucknow for six years and remaining there in 1930 he started the weekly Hans being printed in Varanasi. In early 1932 Premchand came back to Varanasi. Along with Hans he started another weekly Jagran, only to find it unmanageable although technically sound.In order to unburden himself from loan resulting from both the weeklies he worked as script writer for Ajanta Cinetone in Mumbai. He wrote for film Mazdoor and before the completion of his annual contract he came back to Varanasi because more than Mumbai it was the culture of Mumbai film industry which was leaving him blank. Himanshu roy, the founder of Bombay Talkies, insisted on Premchand not leaving Mumbai but he didnt wanted to stay. In Mumbai itself his health had deteriorated and after coming back to Varanasi, he fell ill. Godaan (The Gift of a Cow), his last novel, is considered one of the finest Hindi novels. [5] The protagonist, Hori, a poor peasant, desperately longs for a cow, a symbol of wealth and prestige in rural India. The story depicts the human beings deep-rooted beliefs, and their ability to survive and uphold these beliefs despite great misery Literary works Premchand wrote about three hundred short stories and fourteen novels, as well as many essays and letters, plays and translations. Many of Premchands stories have themselves been translated into English and Russian.Godaan (The Gift of a Cow), his last novel, is considered one of the finest Hindi novels. [5] The protagonist, Hori, a poor peasant, desperately longs for a cow, a symbol of wealth and prestige in rural India. The story depicts the human beings deep-rooted beliefs, and their ability to survive and uphold these beliefs despite great misery In Kafan (Shroud), a poor man collects money for the funeral rites of his dead wife, but spends it on food and drink. Panch Parameshvar is a story about two friends Juman and Algu who live in a village in India.One of the friend Juman troubles his aunt who seeks the help of the village panchayat to get justice. Jumans friend Algu is chosen as the judge, and on the post Algu takes the correct action (which is against his friend) due to which their friendship is broken. After sometime Algu decides to sell his buffalo to the local moneylender but is cheated. The matter goes to the panchayat in which Juman is chosen as a judge. Juman understands that a judge should not be biased and he is superior to normal social human beings and is like a god.He proclaims a justifiable decision in favour of Algu, his former friend. In the end the Algu and Juman re-unite, becoming friends again. Idgah is a very touching story of a poor orphan boy named Hamid, who lives with his grandmother. He has very little money to spend on Eid_ul-Fitr, a Muslim festival. He goes to a fair along with his friends, who spend a lot of money in buying candy, toys etc. ; but he remembers his grandmother whose fingers get burnt when she makes rotis over a fire in a clay oven as she has no chimta (tongs) to flip the rotis over.He bargains for a chimta in a shop for whatever little money he has. Other children make fun of him for buying a pair of tongs instead of toys or candies. Upon his return, his grandmother initially scolds him for the seemingly poor choice of purchase, but is touched when she becomes aware of the actual thought process behind Hamids gesture. Daroga Sahab Mantra is a story about a rich doctor named Chaddha whose selfishness results in the death of a patient and how that same patients father very non selfishly cures Dr. Chaddhas son, when the doctor meets the same sort of situation.Nashaa a story about two friends living in colonial India from different strata of society. Studying away from their homes, residing in city, when during holiday period the rich friend decides to spend time in his lavish abode in village the poor friend accompanies him. In village Ishwari the rich friend son of a Zamindar introduces his friend falsely as a rich zamindars son. When the poor friend gets used to the luxuries of his friends home and both return back for college, a stark incidence ends the intoxication of luxuries the poor friend and nameless speak er of the story were beholding. Shatranj ke khiladi is a story about two aristocrats Mirza Sajjad Ali and Mir Roshan Ali living in the kingdom of Avadh during the times of British Raj. Both of them are careless towards their duties and spend their days playing Chess. Their love for the game is so immense that even when their senior and ruler of Avadh Wajid Ali Shah is captured by the British they continue playing the game of chess. In the end when a move in the game sparks a verbal conflict between both they end up killing each other with the swords they held with them.Poos ki raat is a story about a poor farmer and his struggle with the chilling cold during the month of December. Halku a poor farmer doesnt have enough money to buy a blanket and when he and his pet dog in a night during the time of winters are staying in their fields in order to protect the farm produce from animals, they become so restless to sleep and cold that their purpose of protecting their field is lost. Atmaram Boodhi Kaki a story about a o ld woman craving for love from her family. Buddhiram, a man with a family has obtained all the legal powers to the financial belongings of her old aunt whose offspring and husband are dead.His old aunt age lives a downtrodden life dependent on his nephews family. She is often taken advantage of due to this shortcoming of hers by his nephew Buddhiram and his wife Rupa. When the matrimonial ceremony of his nephews son takes place the delicasies made in the house tempts her to delve into it. But when her nephew and his wife dishonour her in front of the guests and reject her desires she succumbs to her helplessness and stays in her room empty stomach. Later when her innocent granddaughter secretly offers her those delicasies and the old womans hunger for more of it leads er to feed on the leftovers, it melts the heart of Rupa who ultimately serves her mother-in-law all the tasty food openly and warm heartedly. Bade Bhaisahab is a touching story about two school going brother and the relationship shared by them. Bade ghar ki beti is a story of two brothers whose family conflict is undone by the intervention of elder brothers wife. Benimadho Singh a zamindar of village Gauripur and has two sons Shree Kanth Singh and Lal Bihari Singh, Shree Kanth the elder brother is a employee in city and his wife comes from a financially strong family.Once when Shree Kanth is outside the village a pity incident leads to a fight between Lal Bihari and his elder brothers wife Anandi. On Shri Kanths arrival Anandi insists on justice with her emotions to which Shri Kanth tells his father of family separation from his brother. The younger brother repentant and with tears in his eyes talks to his sister-in-law which results in end of conflict. Kafan is a story about a lower caste father and son poor labours from a village, emergency strikes when the sons wife dies while giving birth to a child and both father and son have no money to cremate the body of the dead woman.The lethargic duo seek financial help from vi llage zamindar and other members of the society. But the money they obtain they end up spending on liquor and food. Dikri Ke Rupaye Udhar Ki Ghadi Namak Ka Daroga Do Bahanein Grihaneeti Prem Purnima Ramleela Chori Jurmana The night ghost Thakur ka kuaan Dhaai ser gehun Alagyojha Vajrpaat Novels Gaban Bazaar-e-Husn or Seva Sadan. Bazaar-e-Husn was Premchands first major novel; Written originally in Urdu under the title Bazaar-e-Husn, but first published in Hindi under the title Seva Sadan (i. e.The House of Service) in 1919. [6] Godaan Karmabhoomi Kaayakalp Manorama Mangalsootra incomplete Nirmala Pratigya Premashram Rangbhoomi Vardaan Prema Idgaah Juloos Do bailon ki katha Ramleela Bade bhai sahab Nasha Laag-daat Atmaraam Prerna Sava ser gehun Gulli danda Lottri Shatranj ke khiladi Plays Karbala Tazurba Adaptation of Premchands work Satyajit Ray filmed two of Premchands works– Sadgati and Shatranj Ke Khiladi. Sadgati (Salvation) is a short story revolving around poor Dukhi, who dies of exhaustion while hewing wood for a pa ltry favor. Shatranj keKhiladi (The Chess Players) revolved around the decadence of nawabi Lucknow, where the obsession with a game consumes the players, making them oblivious of their responsibilities in the midst of a crisis. Sevasadan (first published in 1918) was made into a film with M. S. Subbulakshmi in the lead role. The novel is set in Varanasi, the holy city of Hindus. Sevasadan (House of Service) is an institute built for the daughters of courtesans. The lead of the novel is a beautiful, intelligent and talented girl called Suman. She belongs to high caste. She is married to a much older, tyrannical man.She realizes that a loveless marriage is just like prostitution except that there is only one client. Bholi, a courtesan, lives opposite Suman. Suman realizes that Bholi is outside purdah, while she is inside it. Suman leaves her husband and becomes a successful entertainer of gentlemen. But after a brief period of success, she ends up as a victim of a political drama played out by self-righteous Hindu social reformers and moralists He also worked with the film director Himanshu Rai of Bombay Talkies, one of the founders of Bollywood. The Actor Factor Theatre Company, a young Delhi based theatre group, staged KAFAN in 2010 in New Delhi.It is an original stage adaptation of Munshi Premchand’s last short story. Kafan is a dark comedy. In the play, Puppetry is being explored to depict the tussle between two classes and the plight of Budhia, who is caught in the crossfire. Bleakness of hope in the story and awfulness of the father-son duo find a delicate balance. At times the situations break into morbid humor. In the end a wine-house becomes the stage for Ghisu (Father) and Madhavs (Son) rebellious dance, defying not only the laws of the land but also that of the Gods.

The Chosen, By Chaim Potok (1143 words) Essay Example For Students

The Chosen, By Chaim Potok (1143 words) Essay The Chosen, By Chaim PotokThe ChosenThe Chosen, a fiction novel written in 1967 by Chaim Potok, is about two young Jewish boys and their friendship. It takes us along with them on their journey from adolescence to adulthood. They face many conflicts, and through those trials the author makes his readers think more deeply into lifes true meanings. The novel was set in New York during the Second World War. Since the main characters are Jews, this period of time is very significant. Not only were the Jews persecuted during WWII, but New York was also close to a military base, which made it a prime target for bombing. Even the setting has an underlying sense of tension. One of the protagonists in The Chosen is Reuven Malter. Reuven is an orthodox Jewish boy. He is a very smart and diligent student. His father, David Malter raises Reuven alone in Brooklyn, New York as his mother has already passed away. Reuven has glasses, brown hair and eyes, and dresses in the typical orthodox manner. A plain boy, he has a bright mind and a very caring soul. We will write a custom essay on The Chosen, By Chaim Potok (1143 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The other protagonist in the novel is Danny Saunders. Danny is the son of a very devoted Hasidic Jewish tzaddik. However, Danny is not a very enthusiastic Hasid. He has earlocks, grows a beard, and wears the traditional Hasidic outfit, but he doesnt have the reverence for it that he should. Danny is a genius. His religion forbids him to read literature from the outside world, so he struggles with his thirst for knowledge and the restraints that have been put on him by both his father and his religion. He lives with his father, mother, older sister, and younger brother in Brooklyn as well. The first antagonist is Danny. He and Reuven had many difficulties. They resolve their problems in the course of the book, but at the beginning they hate each other. Their religious views are also very opposite. Once they overcome their differences, they become best friends. Reb Saunders is the second antagonist. A Hasidic tzaddik, he led his people into freedom in America. Reb has strange ideas on raising Danny. He believes that silence will teach Danny compassion and give him an understanding for pain. He does not talk to his son about anything but the Talmud. Loving and respecting each other immensely, Reb and Danny just never get a chance to express their feelings with one another. Reb holds Danny back and doesnt allow him to reach his full potential, because he feels it is best for Danny. The most important supporting character is David Malter, Reuvens father. Mr. Malter is a journalist. Weak and often ill, he is a Zionist proud of his religion and heritage. He provides Danny with a worldview giving him the opportunity to expand his mind and broaden his viewpoint. He also gives Reuven self-confidence and the ability to make his own decisions. He supports Reuven, helps him through hard times, and shares insights with him. ?A man must fill his life wi th meaning, meaning is not automatically given to life. It is hard work to fill ones life with meaning,? Mr. Malter once said to his son. Reuven acts as a buffer between Reb and Danny Saunders. Since Reb feels he cant talk to Danny in order to raise him properly, he talks to Reuven about Danny. They talk to each other through Reuven. Reuven is also a very supportive and encouraging friend to Danny. He gives him advice and is willing to listen to Dannys problems. .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23 , .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23 .postImageUrl , .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23 , .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23:hover , .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23:visited , .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23:active { border:0!important; } .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23:active , .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23 .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf295ef7a791ecc8f9cd31ade3f270d23:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Genetic Diversity In Agriculture EssayIn this predominately Jewish setting, Billy Merrit and Tony Savo give Reuven a window into the outside world. Reuven learned about Gentile culture when with them. They serve an important role in the novel by teaching Reuven that suffering is universal and life isnt always fair. It really awakened him to new ideas. Each of the main characters have obvious flaws. Danny has a good mind, but no soul. He is brilliant, but he unable to relate to people. Reuven is very bright and relates well to people, but he finds forgiveness difficult in practice. When other characters wrong him, Reuven begrudges them and struggles with mercy. Reb Saunders only knew what was around him and what he had been taught. His worldview didnt search for conclusions about matters bigger than his own circle. In the beginning of the book, both Reuvens and Dannys rival schools play baseball against each other. Near the end of the game, Reuven gets hit in the eye with a ball Danny hits. As a piece of glass gets wedged in his eye, Reuven requires surgery and a stay in the hospital. Here he meets Billy and Tony, his first Gentile contacts. This accident actually brings Reuven and Danny together and the two begin spending a lot of time with each other. Reuven begins to learn about the struggles Danny is facing with his father and the restrictions of his religion. Danny is destined to inherit his fathers job as a tzaddik, although he could have a bright future elsewhere. For this reason, Danny does not want to follow in his fathers footsteps, desiring to become a psychologist instead. He knows that he couldnt live if he were confined into the ways of his father all his life, but he dreads telling his father about his choice. Because of his respect of his father, he doesnt want to disappoint him. Yet, he doesnt want to discard his religion either. Although his father wants to raise him as he himself was raised, he realizes that he cant expect to keep such a genius in the cage. Reb finds out about Dannys plans for the future, and although they contradict the way he would have wanted Danny to continue with his life, he agrees to let Danny decide for himself. Satisfied as a father, Reb says, I had to make certain his soul would be the soul of a tzaddik no matter what he did with his life.? Once Reb has given his son freedom, Danny remains faithful to his religion and, although he is not as devout, goes out into the world. Throughout this novel, there is an underlying force of prejudice. The two different Jewish sects are prejudiced against one another. Alongside, WWII also has a lot of prejudices locked up in it. The Zionist and anti-Zionist movements were prejudiced toward each other and many of these examples are found in the novel. Reuven Malter narrated The Chosen. This gives it a youthful perspective. It is very descriptive. Potok used many detailed vocabulary words to communicate his point. A lot of figurative language helps develop analogies and insights, as well. The Chosen is a very insightful novel about the Jewish culture and the trials that come with growing up. Book Reports

The Military Balance of Power essays

The Military Balance of Power essays In an age where how to manufacture weapons of mass destruction is relatively common knowledge, with the only real limitation being the procurement of the necessary components, we find ourselves asking whether possession of such former aces in the hole connotes the same military power distinction it once did. Knowledge is difficult to contain in the increasingly globalized world of today; weapon systems and arms that were previously exclusive to a select few nations have found their way to other countries through various, sometimes clandestine, channels. The inevitable question in light of such developments is can we still meaningfully compare military strength and power between countries, today and in the future? Like all the other capabilities that may constitute a states power, military power has no cut and dry definition that enables it to be measured directly. At best it can be characterized by a number of quantitative and qualitative factors which can be categorized as being either internal or external measures of a states military power. The internal measures include such factors as a states military budget, its weaponry, and its morale and leadership; the external measures and their respective factors include a states international reputation as well as its association with other states, such as in the case of alliances (Rourke 320). Although military spending is not identical to military strength, comparisons of the military budgets between countries can be revealing. The combined U.S. military budget with that of its allies for 2002 was more than 38 times greater, at over $555 billion dollars, than the combined military expenditure of the seven countries identified by the U.S. Department of Defense as potential enemies - Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Sudan and Syria (Berry 39). This enormous disparity reveals the dependency of the military on the underlying economy of the state as a so...

Product Review of Do 2 Learn

Product Review of Do 2 Learn Visit Their Website In search of emotions cards to use as part of my social skills programs and the article I wrote on Emotional Literacy, I found Do2Learn.com, a great resource for emotions, but with a range of other offerings. Not everything on offer is of equal quality or value, but the unique quality of the free games and social skill songs make the whole site worth adding it to your favorites. In an effort to make a full offering of activities as well as their super interactive games, the publisher put up some kind of lame art and writing activities. They are overly simple, lack much specificity and replicate things that are free on other sites. The interactive games, on the other hand, are super for children with disabilities, especially students with poor skills and an interest in computers. They are also great for classrooms with Smart Boards or Promethean Boards, as these boards act as giant touch screens, and students with poor motor skills get a bit of gross motor activity in as well. A Mix of Free and Inexpensive Games and Resources The free computer games and songs come with some companion activities, which are generally sold as inexpensive digital files delivered to your email. Resources for Emotions I stumbled on the site in search of emotions cards. I have a set that was already in my classroom, but I wanted to find other resources to recommend to my readers. I stumbled on the feelings cards that  you can print on your color printer. It uses the faces of real models, faces that reflect diverse ages, races and ethnic backgrounds. And when I found the ​Feelings Game, another free resource, I was delighted. I have been using it with my class on the Smart Board in my classroom. My students take turns tapping the sad or angry person on the nose. It also has three levels, from matching the face to the emotion, moving on level 2, where you read a scenario, and choose how a person would feel, and finally reading a scenario and naming the emotion you see on the persons face. There is a second free activity is the Facial Expressions game, which allows children to manipulate facial simulations to mirror human facial expressions. In some ways they seem kind of creepy, but students on the autism spectrum love the computer, and it does help them isolate specific aspects of facial expressions, from the direction of the eyes to the shape of the mouth. A Cursory Survey of Disabilities and Disabilities Terms It seems that the creators of Do2Learn are attempting to create a comprehensive special education website, but the informational pages are cursory at best. The disabilities sections offer both definitions of the disabilities and an adjoining page that lists strategies. And List is the right word: the strategies are dense and dont provide the logic behind choosing specific interventions. They are not written with enough specificity to inform the novice, nor enough structure to help professional plan interventions. Worksheets and Activities for Students with Disabilities The Do 2 Learn team also attempt to provide a broad range of activities, activities for students from a range of ages, disabilities and challenges. I work in the same field, and know the challenges of creating attractive worksheets and materials to support the range of needs for children. They include fine motor activities like cutting, letter recognition and Math activities. I find the activities they create worthwhile, but with poor production values. By all means, feel free to use them, but they are not the reason for a trip to Do 2 Learn. Picture Cards Do2Learn has created their own pictures cards to be used for Picture Exchange. They seem pretty comprehensive, and may work as a suitable substitute for PECS, Boardmaker symbols or Pogo Symbols. They claim to have over 2,000 symbols, but without access to their picture making system, its hard to gauge the range and readability of the pictures. Still, Id check them out before purchasing one of the other two systems. Do 2 Learn: The Destination for the Feelings and Emotions Resources Put Do 2 Learn in your favorites, if you are doing social skills and emotional literacy activities. These are outstanding. The color and math Mahjong games will be fun for your students, as well. Put shortcuts on the computers your students use, especially for young students or students with emerging skills. They will enjoy them. The other activities that make it worth the trip are the social skill songs for safety. Not songs you will want on your IPod; still, paired with short videos they are catchy and will help young students with disabilities remember important steps to guarantee personal safety. By all means, make the trip. Check out Do2Learn and see if they have resources you can use. Visit Their Website

Reality television show is presumbly bad for American society Essay

Reality television show is presumbly bad for American society - Essay Example Reality television can be defined as unscripted form of drama or actual events that do not follow any form of sequence involving ordinary people, instead of actors who are professionally trained (Boyd and Emily 2). The origin of reality television is not very vivid in that several undocumented films or television programs have been done in the past some dating back as early as 1950’s (Dimare and Philips 914). However, in 1999 to 2000 reality television become one of the fastest growing television programming in the entertainment scene. In as much as reality television has some positive significance in the lives of several Americans, it is also possible that the same show has numerous effects that are extremely dire to the lives of the entire American population. Scholars and television producers have constantly argued in favor of reality television, terming it as the best for regular television programming. This is because people want to see other ordinary people just acting normal without having to read from a script. Moreover, they can easily relate to such television programming, since it involves ordinary people placed in an exotic place. During the stay, they carry on with their lives as normal, although their actions aired on national or international television channels (Kirszner and Mandell 215). For instance, one of the flourishing and helpful reality television programs that support this argument is â€Å"Extreme Make Over home edition.† This is because they enable real families to own homes, built by an extremely talented crew. Such reality television serves two purposes; it entertains the viewer and utterly transforms the lives of American families who do not have decent living conditions. It has also encouraged viewers to express their opinions and, in some cases, vote for their favorite contestant. As a result, the viewers get involved in the show, and they feel that they have the ability to

He impact of IT in branding for the teenage market Research Paper

He impact of IT in branding for the teenage market - Research Paper Example Branding is considered as one of the hottest topics in the business field as its overall attraction and significance has become more important in the recent past. With the rise of the web and other I.T. technologies, the need to have effective branding strategy has became more significant because of the speed with which information is provided to the consumers. Over the period of time, organizations have used branding as one of the important strategic tools to improve and consolidate their relationships with the customers. However, more importantly, branding has provided the organizations a strong chance to further penetrate into their chosen target markets. The strategic use of branding therefore is considered as one of the key strategic variables for organizations to manage and control effectively. Organizations which are better at managing and executing a well crafted branding strategy are more successful as compared to the firms which fail to realize their true potential and positively use the power of their brands for achieving the competitive advantage. The emergence of globalization and the spread of Western values and culture over the different geographical regions therefore suggest that the branding can be effectively used to achieve the necessary competitive advantage in really fluid global market. One of the important and emerging themes regarding the impact of IT in branding is the ease with which marketers can actually communicate with their customers. The advent of the different digital media and the spread of internet have allowed brand managers to improve the coordination between the customers and the organization itself and hence the brands are getting better exposure to the same.( Davey, 2010). Some studies suggested that the use of information technology in the product marketing and branding has resulted into the savings of time as well as reduction in the error.

Premarital Cohabitation Essay Example for Free

Premarital Cohabitation Essay Over the past 30 years countries have experienced a phenomenon that has raised many questions about the future of the institution of marriage. Western societies, such as the United States, Canada, and countries in Western Europe have witnessed a virtual explosion in the number of unmarried cohabitating couples. Quite a number of studies have been done to research what effect, if any, this trend has on the subsequent marriage, and how does this affect any children as a result of this union. According to some estimates, since the 1970s, the number of couples that live together has more than tripled. However, there are two sides to the story – one, proposes that premarital cohabitation is like a trial marriage and allows people to eventually marry the one they are more comfortable and compatible with. The other point of view is that premarital cohabitation leads to a higher divorce rate in the society and may also have other negative effects. However, research suggests that there is little merit to the claim that cohabitation effectively serves as a trial marriage. Furthermore, studies indicate that premarital cohabitation is actually detrimental because it leads to higher divorce rates and dissolution of marriage. Why Would People Prefer to Cohabit To understand the effects of cohabitation it is necessary to review why people cohabit in the first place. About 50% of cohabitating individuals express the belief that living together without is a way to determine compatibility before getting married. Based on the premise that premarital cohabitation allows couples to determine compatibility, this practice should result in more stable marriages. However, evidence suggests that the contrary is true. Cohabitation is linked to lower levels of marital satisfaction. Couples who previously lived together are reported to spend less time together in shared activities. They report higher levels of marital disagreement, less supportive behavior, less problem-solving, more marital problems, and greater perceived likelihood of marital dissolution (Amato 2003). Premarital Cohabitation Leads to Higher Divorce Rates Research has shown that cohabitation is extremely unstable. For example, Canada has experienced a ninefold increase in the numbers of cohabitating couples, as well as a fourfold increase in the number of divorces over the past 30 years. Recent studies have not only indicated that cohabitation is negatively linked to marital stability, but studies also indicate that living in common law is related to a decrease in quality of marriage (Hall 1995). In a survey conducted by the Australian Institute of Family Studies Family Formation Project showed that after 5 years of being married, 13 per cent of those who had cohabited before marriage would divorce, versus six per cent of non-cohabiters. Ten years later, the difference increased to 26 per cent for those who had cohabited and 14 per cent for those who had not. After 20 years, there was a further increase of 56 per cent of people who had cohabited versus 27 per cent of those who had not (Weston 2007). Many reasons are cited for the resulting instability and the higher divorce rate among former couples who formerly cohabitated. Cohabitators are thought to hold more unconventional values and attitudes than those who marry without cohabitating. Those who cohabitate are thought to have a weaker commitment to marriage in general, or they may have higher expectations about the quality of marriage than those who do not cohabitate. Cohabitators are also thought to have socioeconomic or personality characteristics that are linked to higher likelihood of union dissolution (Dourleijn 2006). Among these socioeconomic and personality factors which are thought to be linked to higher instances of marital dissolution are parental divorce, less education, lower income, premarital pregnancy and childbirth, being non-white, and having had a previous divorce (Cohan 2002). According to research conducted and published in the American Sociological Review, it was concluded that Overall association exists between premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital instability. The dissolution rates of women who cohabit premaritally with their future spouse are, on average, nearly 80 percent higher than the rates of those who do not. (Bennett, Blanc, and Bloom 1988). Based on the US data, researchers have shown that ‘marriages that are preceded by living together have 50 per cent higher disruption rates than marriages without premarital cohabitation. In Sweden, researched showed that cohabiters were more likely to divorce even if the period of marriage is counted from the beginning of cohabitation. A subsequent study also found that premarital cohabitation, regardless of the nature or reason; it is associated with an increased risk of marital instability. Based on the work of Bennett, Blanc and Bloom (1987) whose findings correspond with previous findings, the following conclusions can be made: knowing that cohabiters and non-cohabiters differ in the sense of higher risk of divorce, the researchers set about to explore if there are other characteristics which were unique to these two groups, or a factor which can show that it is not premarital cohabitation alone which leads to higher divorce rate. While no one factor was found to support the argument that cohabitation caused the difference, researchers did not find a characteristic to dispute the argument. According to their data sample, women who cohabited were younger than those who did not. They are also more likely to have had a premarital conception, and were twice as likely to have had a premarital birth. For those who marry at a young age, or who have had a premarital birth have higher divorce rates. However, the first birth within a marriage has a stabilizing effect, and for these couples divorce rates are one quarter lower. These results are consistent with previous research. In 1985, it was found that for every year of age an adult attains before marrying, the risk of dissolution decreases by 16%. Education achieved for women is negatively related with the possibility of divorce. However, for this aspect other factors may also be involved. When social background was considered, similar findings were found. Social background is measured by using the occupation of the main breadwinner in the household. This factor indicates level of education achieved, parent’s marital status etc. It was found that women in households with a white collar worker as the breadwinner had higher divorce rates than other women. Another interesting finding concerns the duration of how long the couple have been together. The researchers assume that people who cohabit can be roughly divided into two groups: those who believe in the institution of marriage, and those who don’t. In such a case, the less committed group should be seen to have higher divorce rates. This should be observable if the relationship between cohabitation and dissolution should decrease with increase in duration. This is proved by the data researchers had collected. Their findings show that for up to two years of marriage the divorce rates of people who had cohabited before was almost three times. This reduced to twice for people who were married for two to eight years. After eight years, the differences in divorce rates of cohabiters and non-cohabiters are statistically insignificant. Thus one interpretation of this is the fact that people who cohabit have characteristics that make them more likely to have higher chances of a divorce. Another finding points to the fact that women who cohabit premaritally for more than three years have a 54 percent higher divorce rate than those who have cohabitated for shorter periods of time. This is because the former groups of people have such characteristics which make them less willing to commit. These include valuing one’s independence and being more self-reliant (Bennett 1987). Other Adverse Effects The increase in the rate of premarital cohabitation raises important concerns about the institution of marriage from a societal perspective. One concern is that individuals may find cohabitation to be an attractive arrangement and will be more likely to view marriage as undesirable. Another concern is that the high rate of dissolution among couples will reinforce the view that â€Å"intimate relationships are fragile and temporary,† thereby reducing the view within society that marriage is a rewarding lifetime commitment. In addition, research shows that cohabitation is linked to delayed marriage, an increase in nonmarital fertility, less commitment to marriage, and greater approval of divorce and nonmarital cohabitation. Furthermore, societies which have experienced a sharp increase in premarital cohabitation rates have also experienced an upward trend in divorce, premarital sex, and premarital pregnancy rates, while marriage and marital fertility rates have declined (Balakrishnan 1995). Conclusion: Although a number of individuals believe that cohabitation provides a means by which couples may determine their compatibility before getting married, there is a vast body of strong evidence that suggests otherwise. Married couples who previously lived together report high levels of marital disagreement, spend less time together, and are more likely believe that their marriage will end in dissolution. These couples tend to be less supportive of each other, and they institute fewer problem solving skills. Cohabitation has been linked to lower commitment levels among couples, diminished views on the marital relationship in general, and a higher divorce rate. These ill effects are directly linked to the cohabitation trend, which has exploded over the course of the past few decades. Researchers believe that cohabitation leads to unstable marriages because those who cohabitate tend to have weaker commitment to marriage in general, or they may have higher expectations for the quality of married life. Cohabitators are also more likely to hold unconventional views on marriage. It has also been observed that those who cohabitate tend to have other socioeconomic and individual characteristics that are linked to a higher rate of marriage dissolution. In addition to the higher divorce rate that seems to be directly related to the dramatic increase in cohabitation, other undesirable effects have also resulted. Societies that have experienced a surge in premarital or nonmarital cohabitation have also seen a sharp increase in premarital pregnancies, delayed marriage, and greater acceptance and approval of divorce and nonmarital cohabitation.

Essay --

Katie Werner Mr. Oster AP Composition & Literature 12/13/13 Crime & Redemption Fyodor Dostoyevsky sets his classic romantic novel, Crime and Punishment, in 19th century Russia, and addresses the many psychological issues faced by lower class Russian citizens of the time, such as: morality, insanity, alienation, poverty, and religion. In the novel, Dostoyevsky presents his character, Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov (also referred to as Rodya,) as a non-typical criminal who murders Alyona, an unfair pawnbroker, simply to test his theory that exceptional men are exempt from the law. In doing this, Dostoyevsky creates a complex character, whom, because of his actions and apathetic nature, can easily be perceived as evil or immoral: â€Å"He pulled the axe quite out, swung it with both arms, scarcely conscious of himself, and almost without effort, almost mechanically, brought the blunt side down on her head† (Dostoyevsky 72). Raskolnikov commits this crime in such a cold, detached fashion, that based on this action and the additional murder of the pawnbroke r’s mentally disabled sister, Lizav...

Ben and Jerry’s Case Study

The world outside the US, Europe and ANZ relates US business today with Microsoft, Citibank and Google. Not much is known about Ben and Jerry, nor is the company taken up for discussion in management schools in the emerging nations of the world. This is a pity as the history of this company is the stuff of corporate legend and provides a very different perspective of the image of US companiesBen Cohen and Jerry Greenfield, school companions at Calhoun High School in Merrick, Long Island teamed up in 1978 to open an ice cream shop in Burlington, Vermont. Both were twenty-seven years old and unlikely entrepreneurs. They had never been to business school and had tinkered around with academics and disparate work opportunities before deciding to make ice cream. Ben had attended three different colleges before dropping out and had supported himself with low-end jobs while he freewheeled through life.He learned craft and worked as a craft teacher for three years teaching pottery, stained gl ass, and film making to disturbed adolescents before he started his small ice cream shop in a converted gas station. Jerry graduated from high school with a merit scholarship but could not get admission to medical school despite trying more than once. In 1977, he along with Ben took a correspondence course in ice cream making from Penn State before opening their parlor.Both Ben and Jerry, products of the counter culture of the sixties were never interested in creating large businesses and looked upon the venture more as a means of livelihood, which would enable them to live lives of dignity and allow them to work on social causes.They carried with them beliefs and ideologies that were in many ways opposed to the thinking of profit oriented business corporations. This ideology with its’ stress on human values guided the strategy and mission of Ben and Jerry’s. Among other things, it also led to the formulation of the 5:1 remuneration practice, wherein the company decree d that the highest individual employee payout would not be more than 5 times the entry-level salary at base level.The very thought of such an idea in a business environment where similar ratios moved in the region of 90:1 was revolutionary. It was indicative of Ben’s desire to place social commitment above business expediency and was to be a forerunner of the strategy the company would follow in all areas.The ice cream company did well. The business grew to become a manufacturer of distinctive ice cream products with a geographic reach far beyond Vermont. In barely ten years, it became one of the largest ice cream producers in the US; respected for its unusual business practices and social commitment. The company adopted a number of practices, which were distanced from those of a profit and cost conscious business organization. Most decisions were judgmental and stemmed from ideology and conviction.The ice cream had large chunks or tidbits of flavoring which broke up the smoo thness but provided a chewy and delightful sensation. The products were natural and had no artificial ingredients though some of the chunks did. It was made only in Vermont with local milk. Marketing efforts eschewed traditional methods and market research and media spend did not figure in the scheme of things. Promotions were through sponsoring of educational events, summer music festivals and the like.The company, in its’ initial days was targeted by market leaders Haagen Dazs. It took the leader on both in the courts and on the streets with their â€Å"What is the Doughboy afraid of?† campaign and sales soared after Haagen Dazs came up with an out of court settlement. The continuous social commitment of Ben and Jerry’s, its unstructured and informal working atmosphere and its’ quality and consumer focus remained unaltered as the company grew in size and reputation.In 1988, barely ten years after formation, ben and Jerry were named small business person s of the year. Ben Cohen went to the White House in a borrowed suit to pick up the trophy. By then the company had identified twelve core markets covering   two thirds of US superpremium sales and had achieved distribution in each supermarket chain inthese areas.The social commitment of the company was evinced in a number of areas and was exemplified by its 5:1 employee remuneration policy. It was this commitment which finally led to a rift between Ben Cohen, the major shareholder and the President, Chico Lager. This is the primary focus of this case study.

Discuss the theme of the Dream in the book Of Mice and Men Essay

None of the people on the ranch have freedom, and freedom was what George and Lennie wanted. Crooks, Candy and Lennie are victims, Crooks because of his back, where a horse had kicked him, Candy because of his hand, which he lost on the ranch, although he got two hundred and fifty bucks in compensation and Lennie is a victim because of his lack of knowledge. The main dream in the book â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is George and Lennie’s dream. Their dream is to have their own land where they will grow whatever they like, and to have a variety of animals, and Lennie will get to look after the rabbits, if he behaves well. The rabbits are all he talks and thinks about – the perfect land and the rabbits that he will look after if he behaves himself. â€Å"Don’t you think of nothing but rabbits?† The land will be ten acres, have a windmill, a little shack and chicken run. It will have a kitchen and plenty of food and water. They will build a smoke house where they will smoke the bacon, the ham, and the sausages. They’ll kill a pig or rabbit each Sunday. They’ll can fruits. They’ll also sell eggs and milk. They want to be answerable to nobody, to have freedom and be independent. Also, like Lennie says with a lot of enthusiasm, â€Å"An` live off the fatta the lan`† This is a dream that George believes will not come true, (but he continues as though the dream will come true to lure Lennie to behave himself.) because they don’t have the money and Lennie is always getting in some sort of trouble and then, they have to run away. He doesn’t mean to do any harm. â€Å"All the time he done bad things but he never done one of ’em mean† Soon Candy gets to know about their dream, and this is the only part of the book where it seems that the dream is only around the corner. With Candy’s three hundred and fifty bucks and George’s and Lennie’s fifty bucks each coming at the end of the month, which makes a total of four hundred and fifty bucks, George says he could swing the owners for that as the lady needs an operation. George has a dream of his own which is a life without Lennie. If he didn’t have Lennie with him all the time, â€Å"When I think of the swell time I could have without you, I go nuts. I never get no peace.† If he also didn’t have Lennie ‘on his tail’ all the time, he could maybe even have a girl. This dream does come true at the end, but George had to kill Lennie or otherwise Curley would have come and killed Lennie himself. George learnt from Candy’s mistake of letting someone else kill his dog, so he killed Lennie himself making sure that the gunshot would not give Lennie any pain. Lennie’s life is ended, also with the dream as Lennie and George are talking about the dream – until Lennie is killed like an animal. Candy’s dream was to be happy. The only time he was really happy was when he was a child. Candy has no other relatives, so he thought he’d be happy living with George and Lennie. Candy is heartbroken when he finds out that Lennie has killed Curley’s wife. Candy knows that their dream cannot come true now, because Lennie was part of the dream and now he is dead. Also, when Candy’s dog was shot, Candy covered his eyes with his arm. â€Å"Old Candy lay down in the hay and covered his eyes with his arm.† And this was what he did when his dream was shattered. We do not know what happened to Candy or George after Lennie was killed, as the story ended there, so the death of Curley’s wife ended two dreams, but the death of Lennie made George’s second dream come true. Even though he didn’t like killing Lennie, he didn’t want to let someone else kill him. I suppose George thought it was the last straw – if he is killing unknowingly, he could kill again. They could not keep running from everything he did wrong. He would get caught one day, and be killed. Curley’s dream was to be big like Lennie and this is why Curley picked a fight with Lennie and he lost. He didn’t give Lennie a chance to show him that he was not against him, but straight away headed for Lennie and started asking him questions. George had told him not to speak, so he didn’t answer. Curley really got angry. George answered for him and he answered, ‘An’ you won’t let the big guy talk, is that it?’ He wants to be big and tall. He picks fights with anybody that is larger, in a way superior to him. He only has respect for Slim; we know this because he listened to Slim. â€Å"I think you got your han’ caught in a machine.† He knows what really happened. He didn’t want to get laughed at either, so he listened and obeyed Slim’s instruction. â€Å"But you jus’ tell an’ try to get this guy canned and we’ll tell ever’ body, an’ then will you get the laugh.† Curley agreed to this statement, otherwise he will be laughed at for starting the fight and then losing it. Even though Curley’s hand was totally ruined, and Lennie got a couple of bruises and cuts nobody got in any more trouble. When his wife was killed he was really mad. Not mad for losing a loved one. He was mad at Lennie for killing her, and instead of staying with his wife, he hurried off to find Lennie and to kill him. We notice that although Curley was very protective over his wife, he didn’t show any interest in her, and showed no signs of love. Nobody liked Curley, not even his wife. Curley’s wife was an outcast, because she is the only female on the ranch and wore a lot of red. We can sense she is heading for trouble, because of the way she flirted with all the men on the ranch. Red lipstick and red finger nails shows a sign of danger. Curley’s wife’s dream was to become a movie star, and have nice clothes. This dream only came about because; some guy had said that she was a natural. â€Å"this guy says I was a natural† Her dream was shattered because she didn’t receive a letter, this guy had promised to send to her. According to her, she thought her mother had thrown it away. We get the feeling that he didn’t actually send the letter. She really thought that her mother had thrown it away and only for revenge, she got married to Curley. She didn’t love Curley, nor even liked him. She’s not interested in Curley and Curley has no interest in her, but she is always looking for him, as an excuse, to talk to other guys. The other guys think she’s a tart, and is ‘jail bait’. Crooks has a dream, which is when he was a little child he remembered he had two brothers and they used to do everything together. His dream is to be back with his family. â€Å"I remember when I was a little kid on my old man’s chicken ranch.† He became negatively cynical. He doesn’t believe life will get any better and he thinks that people always behave selfishly or dishonestly. Crooks is lonely and the only one who has respect for him is Slim. When he was small he used to play with people that weren’t black and this would upset his father. He didn’t understand why until he was older. People called him a nigger and he is the only black person on the ranch. When he was a child, his family was the only black family for miles. Crooks had no other dreams; he just wanted friends that won’t criticize him, because of his colour. None of the dreams came true, and are all crushed and shattered, because George’s dream didn’t mean that he didn’t want Lennie at all, he wanted him, but not all the time. Lennie had to be killed and that ends another two dreams. Candy’s dream was to be a part of George and Lennie’s dream, but as Lennie was killed, his dream also vanished. Curley’s dream was to be big and as he’s a grown man he won’t grow any more. Crook’s dream is to be back with his family, but it is impossible to go back in time. Curley’s wife is dead which ends another dream. We see that John Steinbeck didn’t make anybody’s dream come true. Anjana Patel English coursework 2nd January 2001

The Book Of The Acts Review Religion Essay Essay Example

The Book Of The Acts Review Religion Essay Essay Example The Book Of The Acts Review Religion Essay Essay The Book Of The Acts Review Religion Essay Essay For the intent of this essay, I will be composing a reappraisal on the book titled The book of The Acts, written by F F Bruce. This book is divided into six parts and for the intents of this essay, I will be reexamining each portion of the book and I will besides make an rating of the book every bit good as a decision. The book of Acts, is one of the books of the New Testament. It s writer is unknown, nevertheless Bruce tentatively accepts that its writer might be Luke. In this book, Bruce gives a measure by measure usher and dislocation of each chapter of the book of Acts and explains in inside informations what the narrative was all about. Reappraisal of Part One A ; Part Two In portion one of this book, the author, F F Bruce, starts to explicate about Jesus visual aspect to His adherents and followings over a period of 40 yearss between His Resurrection and Ascension. Harmonizing to Luke s work, the visual aspect was confine to Jerusalem and its vicinity. Luke declares that Jesus continued to teach His adherents and followings. In the clip of Jesus Resurrection and visual aspect, Jesus instructed his adherents non to go forth Jerusalem until they received the power of the Holy Spirit. ( Act 1:5 ) This event was followed by an out pouring of the Holy Spirit on the twenty-four hours of Pentecost. After the 15th twenty-four hours of the banquet of the Passover besides known as the Feast of the hebdomad, the writer points out that the Holy Spirit moved mightily among the adherents, which resulted in them having the gift of speech production in linguas ( Glossolalia ) . This gift attracted many people as they were keen on hearing the Gospel because of this. Enormous plants were done by the apostles during this clip, which besides resulted in Peter and John being arrested. Believers at that clip shared all things in common. Bruce besides take into history the fraudulence of Ananias and that of Sapphira. In portion two of this book, the writer went farther to enter about how Paul was being persecuted everyplace he goes to prophesy the Gospel. As a consequence this lead to groups being favoured over another. The apostle thought it was their responsibility to oversee fiscal agreement of the community. They therefore chose seven leaders of the Hellenist church, who were called deacon harmonizing to their tradition to assist with this undertaking. Many priest were joininng the trusters because of these spiritual place. Most Priest were from a affluent household, nevertheless there were some resistances from the ordinary Priests. The writer explained that there were three chief resistance groups. Harmonizing to Bruce, Stephen s arguer was that the Gospel meant the terminal of the forfeit and ceremonial Torahs. Stephen s address is frequently called defense mechanism or apology from Sanhedren. Stephen was subsequently stoned and executed as approved by Saul Reappraisal of portion Three A ; Part Four In this subdivision of the book, Bruce looked at the narratives about the healing of Aeneas every bit good as the elevation of Dorcas from the dead. Bruce besides looked at the good intelligence which were preached to the heathens and how they received the gift of the Holy Spirit. Chapter 13 of the book of Acts, which covers the narrative of how Barnabas and Saul were sent out from Antioch ( Acts 13:1-3 ) . After Barnabas and Saul was sent out from Antioch they went to a town called Cyprus as commissioned by the Holy Spirit. Whilst in Cyprus, they continues to prophesy the word of God in the temples of the Jews. After their evangelism in Cyprus they went to the South seashore of Asia Minor. The people who hears the sermon besides continue to evangelize unto others. The crowd continues to turn more and more each clip. Bruce explained about the healing of a feeble adult male at Lystra who was healed by the power of the spoken word of Paul ( Acts 14:8-13 ) . The writer explained that after the Lystran people have seen this marvelous mending they were amazed and they concluded that they were being favoured with a godly trial. It was non long earlier some Hebrews from Antiouch and Iconium came to Lystra and talked the crowd into their ain belief, therefore ensuing in the crowd to oppress Paul and pelt him. The writer explains about how Paul and Barnabas went up to Jerusalem. Whilst they were at that place, they had a meeting with the members of the Council and informed them of all that has happened to them and related all the marks and admirations that God had done through them among the Gentiles. In this subdivision, the writer besides talks about the missive which was sent to the Gentile Christians from the seniors of Church in Jerusalem. Reappraisal of portion Five A ; Part Six Bruce looked at how Paul and Barnabas parted company and how Paul chose Silas as his new co-worker. Afterwards, Paul and Silas went to South Galatia, where they continued to prophesy the Gospel and they were able to turn more churches in religion every bit good as in Numberss. Paul and Silas still continued to confront persecution and this resulted in them being imprisoned. Even after Paul was release, he still continued prophesying the Gospel, this did non frighten him from prophesying the Gospel. Paul besides continued to transport out different manifestation of the Holy Spirit, through healing and the transition of psyches. Paul continued his work until he moved to Ephesus. Paul s persecution continued and he was imprisoned once more and due to his sermon of the Gospel the writer recorded two more imprisonment after the one which happened in Ephesus. On several occasions, Paul will plead with the seniors for his release and he will be released. Paul was accused by the Jews of conv eying a Gentile within a out evidences, and he was arrested once more whilst he was in the temple. Paul was subsequently proved guiltless and he was subsequently handed over to some crewmans. Whilst they were at sea, the ship suffered sea storm every bit good as shipwreck and they were forced to travel to a town called Malta, where the people were so friendly. Paul carried out some marvelous plants whilst in Malta and healed the sick. After this Paul and the other crewmans continued their journey until they got to Rome. Evaluation Although the Book of Acts does non hold a named writer, nevertheless, Bruce tentatively accepted Luke as the writer of this book. Bruce provides first-class enlightening background on the geographical scene of the book every bit good as the historical and political characteristics. This book is utile to anyone, who wants mentions on the book of Acts for their sermon, nevertheless it will turn out excessively hard if it was to be used for bible survey. Due to the manner the contents of the book is, an person will non happen it hard when analyzing a peculiar subdivision of the book and they will be able to acquire good sense of the context. Decision Reading this book, has given me a clearer image of the book of Acts. This book was good written and its account every bit good as enlargement of the book of Acts was really good. It has a batch of resources which I did non cognize about and the narrative of Paul and all the persecution makes me to cognize that evangelism in the olden yearss was far worse than what we are sing now. However, we should all go on to be strong in the religion and merely as the several imprisonment did non do Paul to halt the work of God, we should non give up either when faced with persecution.

Liquid Nitrogen Temperature

Liquid Nitrogen Temperature Liquid nitrogen is very cold! At normal atmospheric pressure, nitrogen is a liquid between 63 K and 77.2 K (-346 °F and -320.44 °F). Over this temperature range, liquid nitrogen looks much like boiling water. Below 63 K, it freezes into solid nitrogen. Because liquid nitrogen in a usual setting is boiling, its usual temperature is 77 K. Liquid nitrogen boils into nitrogen vapor at room temperature and pressure. The cloud of vapor that you see isnt steam or smoke. Steam is invisible water vapor, while smoke is a product of combustion. The cloud is water that has condensed out of the air from exposure to the cold temperature around the nitrogen. Cold air cannot hold as much humidity as warmer air, so a cloud forms. Being Safe With Liquid Nitrogen Liquid nitrogen is not toxic, but it does present some hazards. First, as the liquid changes phase into a gas, the concentration of nitrogen in the immediate area increases. The concentration of other gases decreases, particularly near the floor, since cold gases are heavier than warmer gases and sink. An example of where this can present a problem is when liquid nitrogen is used to create a fog effect for a pool party. If only a small amount of liquid nitrogen is used, the temperature of the pool is unaffected and the excess nitrogen is blown away by a breeze. If a large amount of liquid nitrogen is used, the concentration of oxygen at the surface of the pool might be reduced to the point where it can cause breathing problems or hypoxia. Another hazard of liquid nitrogen is that the liquid expands to  174.6 times its original volume when it becomes a gas. Then, the gas expands another 3.7 times as it warms to room temperature. The total increase in volume is 645.3 times, which means vaporizing nitrogen exerts immense pressure on its surroundings. Liquid nitrogen should never be stored in a sealed container because it could burst. Finally, because liquid nitrogen is so very cold, it presents an immediate danger to living tissue. The liquid vaporizes so quickly a small amount will bounce off the skin on a cushion of nitrogen gas, but a large volume can cause frostbite. Cool Liquid Nitrogen Uses The quick vaporization of nitrogen means all of the element boils off when you make liquid nitrogen ice cream. The liquid nitrogen makes the ice cream cold enough to turn into a solid, but it doesnt actually remain as an ingredient. Another cool effect of the vaporization is that liquid nitrogen (and other cryogenic liquids) appear to levitate. This is due to the Leidenfrost effect, which is when a liquid boils so rapidly, its surrounded by a cushion of gas. Liquid nitrogen splashed onto the floor appears to skitter away just over the surface. There are videos where people throw liquid nitrogen out onto a crowd. No one is harmed because the Leidenfrost effect prevents any of the super-cold liquid from touching them.

The Impact of Logistical Performance on Organization Performance Research Proposal

The Impact of Logistical Performance on Organization Performance - Research Proposal Example Logistics is defined as the part of supply chain process which plans, controls and implements the forwards flow, the reverse flow, and storage of goods, services and information from the point of origin and point of consumption to meet the requirements of the organization (Council of Logistics Management, 1991). Logistics gets the input from suppliers and subsequently the movement of material takes place for various operations in the organization. In an organization, a single product goes through a series of processes and logistics is based on time relational positioning, while supply chain is the sequence of events which are performed to satisfy the customer. The logistics performance of an organization reflects its abilities to deliver services and goods on time, and in precise quantities.3. Literature ReviewThe ultimate goal of an organization is to get long term sustainable superior performance (Kluyver and Pearce, 2006, p.4) and this type of superior performance can be attained by a manufacturing organization by becoming a fully integrated partner of the supply chain (Cooper et al., 1997). Wisner (2003) found a positive link between logistics strategy and organization performance but he did not get any data collection related to logistics strategy measurement. Schramm-Klein and Morschett (2006) tried to establish relationship between logistics quality and performance of the organization in the retail sector.

COMMERCIAL LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

COMMERCIAL LAW - Essay Example In an effort to combat terrorism, the UK has introduced laws to punish perpetrators of these activities. Under the law, the principal terrorist offences are outlined. Under section 15 of the terrorism Act2, it is deemed an offence to get involved in a fundraising with prior information that the funds raised or property used for that matter may be used for terrorism activities. It is considered an offence to possess or use money or property for terrorist activities with reasonable cause to suspect such is used for the activities. The act further states that it is an offence to be involved in any arrangement that makes money or property to another party with knowledge or reasonable cause to have suspicion that it supports acts of terrorism. Finally the act clearly stipulates that it is an offence to be involved or concerned in arrangements that facilitate the control of terrorist property by or on behalf of a different person3. These laws have been effective in curtailing terrorism fin ancing in the UK. The discussion above clearly brings out the measures and their effectiveness in fighting the global vice. It is a measure that has been adopted across the world to combat and end terrorist activities. In conclusion therefore, it is prudent that states emulate the policies and laws enacted by the UK to fight terrorism financing. Being a global phenomenon, it is vital that other countries join the fight and come up with tighter legislations that will improve security for everyone around the world. Terrorism activities cause harm and instill fear to the general populace. Above all it causes death and punitive measures in form of legislation need to be adopted and effected. 1FH Newark, ‘The Boundaries of Nuisance’ (1949) 65 LQR 480; Richard Kidner, ‘Nuisance and Rights of Property’ [1998] Conv 267; Ken Oliphant,

21st Century Technology in Today's Classroom Essay

21st Century Technology in Today's Classroom - Essay Example Some of these reasons are pragmatic – e-learning helps ease congestion of crowded classrooms, while providing a means for those who might not have access to higher education, such as the disabled or people who live far from a university, the opportunity to gain a proper education. Other reasons are socially based, in that e-learning fosters a collaborative atmosphere where social skills are used and enhanced. E-learning offers advantages for instructors who want to use the tool as a way to reinforce concepts that are taught in the traditional lecture hall. While these are certainly advantages to e-learning, there are also potential pitfalls. The technology that this research proposal will center upon will be E-Learning. E-learning is, in a nutshell, a way for students to gain knowledge and competence by interacting with adults and peers in an on-line community (Kim & Bonk, 2002, p. 3). E-learning uses the process of collaborative learning, which â€Å"has the potential to foster interaction and social support lacking in traditional learning environments â€Å"(Kim & Bonk, 2002, p. 3). On-line learning also aids in reflective interaction, which is not encouraged in traditional classroom settings and also helps foster social interaction, which, in turn, helps build students critical thinking and perspective taking abilities (Kim & Bonk, 2002, p. 3). E-learning is important, as it distributes learning material and processes over the Internet, which can help ease the decongestion of overcrowded lecture halls, provide a way for students and teachers who live far from a university an avenue for teaching and learning, as wel l as enable specific groups of students, such as the disabled, a chance to gain an education (Ardito et al., 2006, p. 270). The principles of e-learning, and how students adapt to e-learning have a basis in educational theory in general. The learner-centered psychological principles state that there

Trait Theory of Leadership Essay

Trait Theory of Leadership Essay Leadership can be defined as a process by which one individual influences others toward the attainment of group or organizational goals. Three points about the definition of leadership should be emphasized. First, leadership is a social influence process. Leadership cannot exist without a leader and one or more followers. Second, leadership elicits voluntary action on the part of followers. The voluntary nature of compliance separates leadership from other types of influence based on formal authority Studies of leadership styles are diverse in nature and multiple definitions have been offered. However, leadership style can be defined broadly as the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. Leadership should be distinguished from management. Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling, and a manager is someone who performs these functions. A manager has formal authority by virtue of his or her position or office. Leadership, by contrast, primarily deals with influence. A manager may or may not be an effective leader. A leaders ability to influence others may be based on a variety of factors other than his or her formal authority or position. Following is study of the development of leadership studies and theories over time is briefly traced. TASK 1 (a) LEADERSHIP THEORIES Three main theoretical frameworks have dominated leadership research at different points in time. These included the trait approach (1930s and 1940s), the behavioral approach (1940s and 1950s), and the contingency or situational approach (1960s and 1970s). TRAIT THEORIES The scientific study of leadership began with a focus on the traits of effective leaders. The basic premise behind trait theory was that effective leaders are born, not made, thus the name sometimes applied to early versions of this idea, the great man theory. Many leadership studies based on this theoretical framework were conducted in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. Leader trait research examined the physical, mental, and social characteristics of individuals. In general, these studies simply looked for significant associations between individual traits and measures of leadership effectiveness. Physical traits such as height, mental traits such as intelligence, and social traits such as personality attributes were all subjects of empirical research In an important review of the leadership literature published in 1948, Ralph Stogdill concluded that the existing research had not demonstrated the utility of the trait approach. Finally, early trait research did not consider the impact of situational variables that might moderate the relationship between leader traits and measures of leader effectiveness. As a result of the lack of consistent findings linking individual traits to leadership effectiveness, empirical studies of leader traits were largely abandoned in the 1950s. Douglas McGregors x and y theory: His Theory X and Theory Y was detailed in The Human Side of Enterprise, published in 1960. What is it? Essentially Theory X and Theory Y describe two opposing views of people at work that will influence management style. Managers can be said to follow either view of their workforce. Theory X is often said to describe a traditional view of direction and control. Theory Y implies a more self directed workforce that takes an interest in the goals of their organisation and integrates some of their own goals into these. Theory X Theory X assumes that: The average person dislikes work and will avoid it unless directly supervised. Employees must be coerced, controlled and directed to ensure that organisational objectives are met. The threat of punishment must exist within an organisation. In fact people prefer to be managed in this way so that they avoid responsibility. Theory X assumes that people are relatively unambitious and their prime driving force is the desire for security. Theory Y Theory Y effectively takes the opposite view. It assumes that: Employees are ambitious, keen to accept greater responsibility and exercise both self-control and direction. Employees will, in the right conditions, work toward organisational objectives and that commitment will in itself be a reward for so doing. Employees will exercise their imagination and creativity in their jobs if given the chance and this will give an opportunity for greater productivity. Theory Y assumes that the average human being will, under the right conditions, not only accept responsibility but also seek more. Lack of ambition and the qualities of Theory X are not inherent human characteristics but learned in working environments that suffocate or do not promote Theory Y behaviours. BEHAVIOR THEORIES Partially as a result of the disenchantment with the trait approach to leadership that occurred by the beginning of the 1950s, the focus of leadership research shifted away from leader traits to leader behaviors. The premise of this stream of research was that the behaviors exhibited by leadersare more important than their physical, mental, or emotional traits. The two most famous behavioural leadership studies took place at Ohio State University and the University of Michigan in the late 1940s and 1950s. These studies sparked hundreds of other leadership studies and are still widely cited. The Ohio State studies utilized the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ), administering it to samples of individuals in the military, manufacturing companies, college administrators, and student leaders. The conclusion of the Michigan studies was that an employee orientation and general instead of close supervision yielded better results. Likert eventually developed four systems of man agement based on these studies; he advocated System 4 (the participative- group system, which was the most participatory set of leader behaviors) as resulting in the most positive outcomes. LEADERSHIP GRID BY ROBERT BLAKE AND JANE MOUTON One concept based largely on the behavioural approach to leadership effectiveness was the Managerial (or Leadership) Grid, developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton. The grid combines concern for production with concern for people and presents five alternative behavioural styles of leadership. An individual who emphasized neither production was practicing impoverished management according to the grid. If a person emphasized concern for people and placed little emphasis on production, he was terms a country-club manager. Conversely, a person who emphasized a concern for production but paid little attention to the concerns of subordinates was a task manager. A person whotried to balance concern for production and concern for people was termed a middle-of-the-road manager. Finally, an individual who was able to simultaneously exhibit a high concern for production and a high concern for people was practicing team management. According to the prescriptions of the grid, team management was the best leadership approach. The Managerial Grid became a major consulting tool and was the basis for a considerable amount of leadership training in the corporate world. CONTINGENCY (SITUATIONAL) THEORIES Contingency or situational theories of leadership propose that the organizational or work group context affects the extent to which given leader traits and behaviors will be effective. Contingency theories gained prominence in the late 1960s and 1970s. Four of the more well-known contingency theories are Fiedlers contingency theory, path-goal theory, the Vroom-Yetton-Jago decision- making model of leadership, and the situational leadership theory. Each of these approaches to leadership is briefly described in the paragraphs that follow. Introduced in 1967, Fiedlers contingency theory was the first to specify how situational factors interact with leader traits and behavior to influence leadership effectiveness. The theory suggests that the favorability of the situation determines the effectiveness of taskand person-oriented leader behavior. Favorability is determined by (1) the respect and trust that followers have for the leader; (2) the extent to which subordinates responsibilities can be structured and performance measured; and (3) the control the leader has over subordinates rewards. Fiedlers contingency theory has been criticized on both conceptual and methodological grounds There are five types of leader decision-making styles, which are labeled AI, AII, CI, CII, and G. These styles range from strongly autocratic (AI), to strongly democratic (G). According to the theory, the appropriate style is determined by answers to up to eight diagnostic questions, which relate to such contingency factors as the importance of decision quality, the structure of the problem, whether subordinates have enough information to make a quality decision, and the importance of subordinate commitment to the decision. TRANSFORMATIONAL THEORIES and CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP Beginning in the 1970s, a number of leadership theories emerged that focused on the importance of a leaders charisma to leadership effectiveness. Included within this class of theories are Houses theory of charismatic leadership, Basss transformational leadership theory, and Conger and Kanungos charismatic leadership theory. These theories have much in common. They all focus on attempting to explain how leaders can accomplish extraordinary things against the odds, such as turning around a failing company, founding a successful company, or achieving great military success against incredible odds. By contrast, transformational leadership focuses on developing mutual trust, fostering the leadership abilities of others, and setting goals that go beyond the short-term needs of the work group. Basss transformational leadership theory identifies four aspects of effective leadership, which include charisma, inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and consideration. Tannenbaum and Schmidts leadership continuum: Leadership occurs when a person tries to influence another persons or groups way of behaving regardless of the cause. Every time a person tries to influence another persons behaviour, this person becomes a potential leader, but the person whose behaviour is attempted changed becomes a potential recipient (irrespective of whether this person is the chief, a colleague, a friend, a group orà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦).Leadership style is not about how leaders think they behave but about how their recipients perceive the leaders behaviour. Robert Tannenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt were some of the first to make use of the situational approach to leadership. In their proposal, the leader chooses from seven possible continuums of leadership behaviour, depending on the situation and the relations between the leader and the employees, is as follows: 1. Leader allows followers to function within the limits defined by a superior. 2. Leader defines limits; the group is encouraged to make decisions. 3. Leader presents problem. Receives suggestions and makes decision. 4. Leader presents preliminary decisions, which may be changed. 5. Leader presents ideas and encourages questions. 6. Leader sells decisions. 7. Leader makes a decision and announces it. The above points the dimensions in the continuums of leadership behaviour constitute: Democratic or relation-based behaviour Authoritarian or task-related behaviour Task-oriented behaviour is often perceived as authoritarian leadership behaviour from the viewpoint that the leader tells the employee what needs to be done and how to do it. This leadership behaviour is based on the view of humanity called Theory X in which the leader perceives the employees as independent and lazy. Relation-based leadership behaviour is often perceived as democratic leadership behaviour from a view of humanity called theory Y where employees contribute independently and creatively to task performance. Tannenbaum-Schmidt model has excluded the Laissez-faire leadership continuum where employees are free to do whatever they want. According to Tannenbaum-Schmidt, it is not a leadership continuum when each employee is free to do what he pleases without the influence of the leadership or other employees. TASK 1: (b) Trait Theory Assumptions: People are born with inherited traits. Some traits are particularly suited to leadership. People who make good leaders have the right (or sufficient) combination of traits. Contingency theory Contingency theory is a class of behavioral theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. Several contingency approaches were developed concurrently in the late 1960s. They suggested that previous theories such as Webers bureaucracy and Taylors scientific management had failed because they neglected that management style and organizational structure were influenced by various aspects of the environment: the contingency factors. There could not be one best way for leadership or organization. TASK 2: (a) STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPURTUNITIES, TREATS OF MANCHESTER FOOTBALL CLUB Analysis of the Company The SWOT Analysis is possibly the most popular instrument utilized in strategic planning and organizational problem solving. SWOT indicates the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of a firm. The derivation of the SWOT contraction, nonetheless, is difficult to understand. Coyles and Gokey (2002) affirmed that the Harvard Business School scholars were utilizing the notion in the 1960s. On the contrary, Turner (2002) presents the growth of the SWOT Analysis perception. (S)trengths The major strength of Manchester United is their brand consciousness, Manchester United is exceptionally recognized globally, and if advertised as the national team with international sponsors. This consequently implies that any merchandise that they put in the market, with the team name and emblem will be immediately identified by their fans which could arrive to a million. Nevertheless, the team requires guaranteeing that they are still focused on what there fans and the consumers wish for. By reason of having the great fan base, ticket sales is also considered as strength for Manchester United, as there is a big waiting list for passes for every match, and with the new expanded arena, the income of ticket sales is bound to increase over the coming years. (W)eaknesses The major weakness that has been identified based on their website is their products and product variety. It is obvious that they have introduced a lot of diverse products at numerous different occasions. There is an issue though whether the fans were consulted in this context. It seems that MU has introduced a broad variety of products from jerseys to Credit Cards Another weakness for Manchester United is that currently, the club has been so flourishing, and it is now working on such a huge level, there is a distressing estimation that the club has now lost its origins, and it is no longer concerned with the game of football, but all about proceeds. Unconstructive outlooks such as this can have a harmful effect on the fans. (O)pportunities The key opportunity for Manchester United at the moment is the penetration to the American market. There is an opportunity in the proximate future to structure the coalition with one of the worlds most well-off team in sports, the New York Yankees. This will signal enormous merchandise channels in America, and provide Manchester United the lead over all other Football teams in the American context, presenting their product to a new market. (T)hreats Manchester United is in a very firm site, as they have no direct dangers from any players in the industry. There is a huge breach connecting Manchester United and the subsequent strongest competitor. Nonetheless, there are a number of dangers to Manchester United that has to be taken into account. A threat to Manchester United at present is the Change of leadership in the teamThe club slid from a position as one of the top clubs in the UK in 1970 to a status of mediocrity in 1996.In 1996, Francis Lee, a former player of the club, took over as chairman. He recognised the need for stability and structure. TASK 2: (b) SOCIAL SKILLS Here are a few basic attributes of a socially successful person that are worth discussing: Confidence They display confidence in themselves and successfully execute the projects they lead. Friendliness They are friendly to everyone, not to just a select few, displaying a genuine sense of care and concern for others. Appearance They make sure their hygiene, apparel, and proper body movement is always acceptable. Trustworthy They can be depended upon both with personal exchanges and with projects. Organized Their organizational skills are second nature and displayed in all activities. Self-control They handle themselves well when emotional issues arise. Acceptance They extend love and forgiveness to everyone, even difficult people and those that differ from them. Fun They make life fun. Space They respect others privacy and choices. Its never too late to improve your social skills. The first step is to honestly examine yourself and admit you need to improve yourself in deficient areas. Like anything else in this world, there have been many books written on the subject. I highly recommend John C. Maxwells book entitled Be a People Person. INTERPERSONAL SKILLS This area has to do with interaction with others. In theory, people who have a high interpersonal intelligence tend to be extroverts, characterized by their sensitivity to others moods, feelings, temperaments and motivations, and their ability to cooperate in order to work as part of a group. They communicate effectively and empathize easily with others, and may be either leaders or followers. They typically learn best by working with others and often enjoy discussion and debate. Careers that suit those with this intelligence include sales, politicians, managers, teachers and social workers. LINGUISTIC SKILLS This area has to do with words, spoken or written. People with high verbal-linguistic intelligence display a facility with words and languages. They are typically good at reading, writing, telling stories and memorizing words along with dates. They tend to learn best by reading, taking notes, listening to lectures, and by discussing and debating about what they have learned. Those with verbal-linguistic intelligence learn foreign languages very easily as they have high verbal memory and recall, and an ability to understand and manipulate syntax and structure. Careers that suit those with this intelligence include writers, lawyers, policemen, philosophers, journalists, politicians, poets and teachers. COMMUNICATION SKILLS I would like to suggest nine key skills and principles that, if adopted, would improve your communication skills immediately. They are: Ask more questions, make fewer statements Be specific, not vague Use the affirmative, not negated language Objective thinking Focus on the future not the past Use pleasure/ pain consequences Distinguish between long term v short term consequence Map out their ideas on paper Protect the self image TASK 2: (c) DEVOLOPING LEADERSHIP AND MANAGERIAL SKILLS To a large extent the survival and continued success of any business depends upon owners and managers having a combination of leadership savvy, good judgement based on knowledge and information and a reasonable ability to steer a business in the right direction. This need becomes considerably more important when a company is on the verge of expanding. Therefore, before you commit yourself to starting or expanding a business, first commit yourself to learning and in the very least recognizing the personal leadership and management skills needed to initiate and sustain profitable company growth. BECOMING A MORE EFFECTIVE LEADER Choose competent subordinates Demonstrate high moral standards Exude Charisma Inspire others Take action: When faced with a crisis, effective leaders dont just sit around and twiddle their thumbs. They solve the problem themselves or get someone who can. Understand the penalty of leadership Use your imagination to solve problems Wander around frequently Work hard BECOMING A MORE EFFECTIVE MANAGER Actively listen to customers and workers Attend parties Clarify employee responsibilities Deal with unexcused absences immeadiatly Demand accountability Criticize positively Know how to delegate responsibilities to trained and qualified people Know how to handle stress Know how to fire employees Make sure each employee has only one supervisor Reward appropriate behaviours and results Conclusion Manchester is in a very competitive spot at present, nonetheless they require to be cautious that they are not getting self-satisfied and that they are focusing on the market, and the requirements of their clients and followers. By implementing the research into their markets, it will allow them to build up products for the clients, which will bring about sustained support from the fans and success.